SLES270A November   2012  – April 2015 TAS5548

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1  Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2  ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3  Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4  Thermal Information
    5. 6.5  Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6  Dynamic Performance
    7. 6.7  SRC Performance
    8. 6.8  Timing I2C Serial Control Port Operation
    9. 6.9  Reset Timing (RESET)
    10. 6.10 Power-Down (PDN) Timing
    11. 6.11 Back-End Error (BKND_ERR)
    12. 6.12 Mute Timing (MUTE)
    13. 6.13 Headphone Select (HP_SEL)
    14. 6.14 Switching Characteristics - Clock Signals
    15. 6.15 Switching Characteristics - Serial Audio Port
    16. 6.16 Volume Control
    17. 6.17 Typical Characteristics
  7. Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1 Serial Audio Interface Control and Timing
        1. 7.3.1.1 Input I2S Timing
        2. 7.3.1.2 Left-Justified Timing
        3. 7.3.1.3 Right-Justified Timing
      2. 7.3.2 OUTPUT Serial Audio Output
      3. 7.3.3 I2S Master Mode
      4. 7.3.4 LRCKO and SCLKO
      5. 7.3.5 PWM Features
        1. 7.3.5.1 DC Blocking (High-Pass Filter Enable/Disable)
        2. 7.3.5.2 AM Interference Avoidance
      6. 7.3.6 TAS5548 Controls and Status
        1. 7.3.6.1 I2C Status Registers
          1. 7.3.6.1.1 General Status Register (0x01)
          2. 7.3.6.1.2 Error Status Register (0x02)
        2. 7.3.6.2 TAS5548 Pin Controls
          1. 7.3.6.2.1 Reset (RESET)
          2. 7.3.6.2.2 Power Down (PDN)
          3. 7.3.6.2.3 Back-End Error (BKND_ERR)
            1. 7.3.6.2.3.1 BKND_ERR and VALID
          4. 7.3.6.2.4 Speaker/Headphone Selector (HP_SEL)
          5. 7.3.6.2.5 Mute (MUTE)
          6. 7.3.6.2.6 Power-Supply Volume Control (PSVC)
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1  Power Supply
      2. 7.4.2  Clock, PLL, and Serial Data Interface
      3. 7.4.3  Serial Audio Interface
      4. 7.4.4  I 2C Serial-Control Interface
      5. 7.4.5  Device Control
      6. 7.4.6  Energy Manager
      7. 7.4.7  Digital Audio Processor (DAP)
        1. 7.4.7.1 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Configurations
        2. 7.4.7.2 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Feature Sets
      8. 7.4.8  Pulse Width Modulation Schemes
      9. 7.4.9  TAS5548 DAP Architecture Diagrams
      10. 7.4.10 I 2C Coefficient Number Formats
        1. 7.4.10.1 Digital Audio Processor (DAP) Arithmetic Unit
        2. 7.4.10.2 28-Bit 5.23 Number Format
        3. 7.4.10.3 TAS5548 Audio Processing
      11. 7.4.11 Input Crossbar Mixer
      12. 7.4.12 Biquad Filters
      13. 7.4.13 Bass and Treble Controls
      14. 7.4.14 Volume, Automute, and Mute
      15. 7.4.15 Loudness Compensation
        1. 7.4.15.1 Loudness Example
      16. 7.4.16 Dynamic Range Control (DRC)
        1. 7.4.16.1 DRC Implementation
        2. 7.4.16.2 Compression/Expansion Coefficient Computation Engine Parameters
          1. 7.4.16.2.1 Threshold Parameter Computation
          2. 7.4.16.2.2 Offset Parameter Computation
          3. 7.4.16.2.3 Slope Parameter Computation
      17. 7.4.17 THD Manager
      18. 7.4.18 Downmix Algorithm and I2S Out
      19. 7.4.19 Stereo Downmixes/(or Fold-Downs)
        1. 7.4.19.1 Left Total/Right Total (Lt/Rt)
        2. 7.4.19.2 Left Only/Right Only (Lo/Ro)
      20. 7.4.20 Output Mixer
      21. 7.4.21 Device Configuration Controls
        1. 7.4.21.1 Channel Configuration
        2. 7.4.21.2 Headphone Configuration Registers
        3. 7.4.21.3 Audio System Configurations
          1. 7.4.21.3.1 Using Line Outputs in 6-Channel Configurations
        4. 7.4.21.4 Recovery from Clock Error
        5. 7.4.21.5 Power-Supply Volume-Control Enable
        6. 7.4.21.6 Volume and Mute Update Rate
        7. 7.4.21.7 Modulation Index Limit
      22. 7.4.22 Master Clock and Serial Data Rate Controls
        1. 7.4.22.1 192kHz Native Processing Mode
        2. 7.4.22.2 PLL Operation
    5. 7.5 Programming
      1. 7.5.1 I2C Serial-Control Interface (Slave Addresses 0x36)
        1. 7.5.1.1 General I2C Operation
        2. 7.5.1.2 Single- and Multiple-Byte Transfers
        3. 7.5.1.3 Single-Byte Write
        4. 7.5.1.4 Multiple-Byte Write
        5. 7.5.1.5 Incremental Multiple-Byte Write
        6. 7.5.1.6 Single-Byte Read
        7. 7.5.1.7 Multiple-Byte Read
    6. 7.6 Register Maps
      1. 7.6.1 Serial-Control I2C Register Summary
      2. 7.6.2 Serial-Control Interface Register Definitions
        1. 7.6.2.1  General Status Register 0 (0x01)
        2. 7.6.2.2  Error Status Register (0x02)
        3. 7.6.2.3  System Control Register 1 (0x03)
        4. 7.6.2.4  System Control Register 2 (0x04)
        5. 7.6.2.5  Channel Configuration Control Registers (0x05-0x0C)
        6. 7.6.2.6  Headphone Configuration Control Register (0x0D)
        7. 7.6.2.7  Serial Data Interface Control Register (0x0E)
        8. 7.6.2.8  Soft Mute Register (0x0F)
        9. 7.6.2.9  Energy Manager Status Register (0x10)
        10. 7.6.2.10 Automute Control Register (0x14)
        11. 7.6.2.11 Output Automute PWM Threshold and Back-End Reset Period Register (0x15)
        12. 7.6.2.12 Modulation Index Limit Register (0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19)
        13. 7.6.2.13 AD Mode - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay and Global Offset Registers (0x1B to 0x23)
        14. 7.6.2.14 Special Low Z and Mid Z Ramp/Stop Period (0x24)
        15. 7.6.2.15 PWM and EMO Control Register (0x25)
        16. 7.6.2.16 Individual Channel Shutdown (0x27)
        17. 7.6.2.17 Input Mux Registers (0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33)
        18. 7.6.2.18 PWM Mux Registers (0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37)
        19. 7.6.2.19 BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F)
        20. 7.6.2.20 Input Mixer Registers, Channels 1-8 (0x41-0x48)
        21. 7.6.2.21 Bass Mixer Registers (0x49-0x50)
        22. 7.6.2.22 Biquad Filter Register (0x51-0x88)
        23. 7.6.2.23 Bass and Treble Register, Channels 1-8 (0x89-0x90)
        24. 7.6.2.24 Loudness Registers (0x91-0x95)
        25. 7.6.2.25 DRC1 Control Register CH1-7 (0x96) - Write
        26. 7.6.2.26 DRC2 Control Register CH8 (0x97) - Write Register
        27. 7.6.2.27 DRC1 Data Registers (0x98-0x9C)
        28. 7.6.2.28 DRC2 Data Registers (0x9D-0xA1)
        29. 7.6.2.29 DRC Bypass Registers (0xA2-0xA9)
        30. 7.6.2.30 Output Select and Mix Registers 8x2 (0x-0xAF)
        31. 7.6.2.31 8×3 Output Mixer Registers (0xB0-0xB1)
        32. 7.6.2.32 ASRC Registers (0xC3-C5)
        33. 7.6.2.33 Auto Mute Behavior (0xCC)
        34. 7.6.2.34 PSVC Volume Biquad Register (0xCF)
        35. 7.6.2.35 Volume, Treble, and Bass Slew Rates Register (0xD0)
        36. 7.6.2.36 Volume Registers (0xD1-0xD9)
        37. 7.6.2.37 Bass Filter Set Register (0xDA)
        38. 7.6.2.38 Bass Filter Index Register (0xDB)
        39. 7.6.2.39 Treble Filter Set Register (0xDC)
        40. 7.6.2.40 Treble Filter Index (0xDD)
        41. 7.6.2.41 AM Mode Register (0xDE)
        42. 7.6.2.42 PSVC Range Register (0xDF)
        43. 7.6.2.43 General Control Register (0xE0)
        44. 7.6.2.44 96kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xE3 to 0xE8)
        45. 7.6.2.45 THD Manager Configuration (0xE9 and 0xEA)
        46. 7.6.2.46 SDIN5 Input Mixer (0xEC-0xF3)
        47. 7.6.2.47 192kHZ Process Flow Output Mixer (0xF4-0xF7)
        48. 7.6.2.48 192kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xFB and 0xFC)
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Applications
      1. 8.2.1 TAS5558 DVD Receiver Application
        1. 8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.1.3 Application Curves
      2. 8.2.2 Serial Port Master/Slave Configurations
        1. 8.2.2.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.2.3 Application Curves
      3. 8.2.3 Device System Diagrams
        1. 8.2.3.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.3.3 Application Curves
    3. 8.3 Do’s and Don’ts
      1. 8.3.1 Frequency Scaling AM Avoidance
    4. 8.4 Initialization Set Up
      1. 8.4.1 Startup Register Writes to get Audio Functioning
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 9.1 Power Supply
    2. 9.2 Energy Manager
    3. 9.3 Programming Energy Manager
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Documentation Support
      1. 11.1.1 Related Documentation
    2. 11.2 Trademarks
    3. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    4. 11.4 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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発注情報

7 Detailed Description

7.1 Overview

The TAS5548 is an 8-channel Digital Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) with Digital Audio Processing and Sample Rate Converter that provides both advanced performance and a high level of system integration. The TAS5548 is designed to interface seamlessly with most digital audio decoders. The TAS5548 is designed to support DTS-HD specification Blu-ray HTiB applications. The ASRC consists of two separate modules which handle 4 channels each. Therefore, it is possible to support up to two different input sampling rates.

The TAS5548 can drive eight channels of H-bridge power stages. Texas Instruments Power Stages are designed to work seamlessly with the TAS5548. The TAS5548 supports either the single-ended or bridge tied-load configuration. The TAS5548 also provides a high-performance, differential output to drive an external, differential-input, analog headphone amplifier.

The TAS5548 supports AD, BD, and ternary modulation operating at a 384-kHz switching rate for 48-, 96, and 192-kHz data. The 8× oversampling combined with the fourth-order noise shaper provides a broad, flat noise floor and excellent dynamic range from 20 Hz to 32 kHz.

The TAS5548 can be both an I2S Master or I2S Slave. The external crystal drives the DAP processor, and can drive the I2S Clocks, out of the device. The TAS5548 accepts master clock rates of 64, 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, and 768 fS. The TAS5548 accepts a 64-fS bit clock. The external crystal used must be 12.288 MHz.

The TAS5548 also features power-supply-volume-control (PSVC), which improves dynamic range at lower power level and can be used as part of a Class G Power Supply when used with closed-loop PWM input power stages.

7.2 Functional Block Diagram

TAS5548 fbd_v2_les270.gifFigure 13. Block Diagram
TAS5548 fbd_les270.gifFigure 14. DAP Block Diagram

7.3 Feature Description

7.3.1 Serial Audio Interface Control and Timing

7.3.1.1 Input I2S Timing

I2S timing uses LRCLK to define when the data being transmitted is for the left channel and when it is for the right channel. LRCLK is low for the left channel and high for the right channel. A bit clock running at 64 fS is used to clock in the data. From the time the LRCLK signal changes state to the first bit of data on the data lines is a delay of one bit clock. The data is written MSB first and is valid on the rising edge of the bit clock. The TAS5548 masks unused trailing data bit positions.

TAS5548 t0034-01.gifFigure 15. I2S 64-fS Format

7.3.1.2 Left-Justified Timing

Left-justified (LJ) timing uses LRCLK to define when the data being transmitted is for the left channel and when it is for the right channel. LRCLK is high for the left channel and low for the right channel. A bit clock running at 64 fS is used to clock in the data. The first bit of data appears on the data lines at the same time LRCLK toggles. The data is written MSB first and is valid on the rising edge of the bit clock. The TAS5548 masks unused trailing data bit positions.

TAS5548 t0034-02.gifFigure 16. Left-Justified 64-fS Format

7.3.1.3 Right-Justified Timing

Right-justified (RJ) timing uses LRCLK to define when the data being transmitted is for the left channel and when it is for the right channel. LRCLK is high for the left channel and low for the right channel. A bit clock running at 64 fS is used to clock in the data. The first bit of data appears on the data lines eight bit-clock periods (for 24-bit data) after LRCLK toggles. In RJ mode the LSB of data is always clocked by the last bit clock before LRCLK transitions. The data is written MSB first and is valid on the rising edge of the bit clock. The TAS5548 masks unused leading data bit positions.

TAS5548 t0034-03.gifFigure 17. Right-Justified 64-fS Format

7.3.2 OUTPUT Serial Audio Output

Serial audio output formats supported are left justified (LJ), right justified (RJ) and I2S.

Serial audio output word lengths supported are 16 bits, 20 bits and 24 bits.

Other formats or word lengths are not supported.

7.3.3 I2S Master Mode

In master mode, the SDIN1/SDIN2/SDIN3/SDIN4 and optionally SDIN5 are assumed to be generated according to LRCLK and SCLK output by TAS5548.

As the SDIN5 will never go through the ASRC, the SDIN5 can be accepted with master mode only. Internally, the LRCLK and SCLK for the SDIN5 are always assumed to be the same with LRCLK and SCLK outputs. When set in I2S master mode, the I2S input/output formats should not mix I2S and LJ/RJ. If the input format is I2S then the output format must also be I2S. When the input format is not I2S then the output format must also not be I2S. Left justified and right justified can be mixed. When the SDIN5 is activated (SDOUT is not available), the LRCLKO will be the internal sample rate, that is either 96 kHz or 192 kHz. The SCLKO will be 64x LRCLKO.

7.3.4 LRCKO and SCLKO

There are output pins for LRCLK output and SCK output. As the SDIN5 rate (which always follow internal sample rate) and the SDOUT rate (which is 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz) is different, the LRCLKO will be the internal sample rate (96 kHz or 192 kHz) when SDIN5 is activated (SDOUT is not available) and it will be 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz when SDOUT is available. The SCLKO will be always 64x LRCLKO.

8.5 Master Clock Output (MCLKO) Master clock is generated from the MCLK input itself. There is a clock divider with division factor of 4, 2 or 1 that can be selected from. The default is no division

7.3.5 PWM Features

The TAS5548 has eight channels of high-performance digital PWM modulators that are designed to drive switching output stages (back ends) in both single-ended (SE) and bridge-tied-load (BTL) configurations. The device uses noise-shaping and sophisticated, error-correction algorithms to achieve high power efficiency and high-performance digital audio reproduction. The TAS5548 uses an AD/BD/Ternary PWM modulation scheme combined with a fourth-order noise shaper to provide a >105-dB SNR from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

The PWM section accepts 32-bit PCM data from the DAP and outputs eight PWM audio output channels configurable as either:

  • Six channels to drive power stages and two channels to drive a differential-input active filter to provide a separately controllable stereo lineout
  • Eight channels to drive power stages

The PWM section provides a headphone PWM output to drive an external differential amplifier like the TPA6139A2. The headphone circuit uses the PWM modulator for channels 1 and 2. The headphone does not operate while the six or eight back-end drive channels are operating. The headphone is enabled via a headphone-select terminal.

The PWM section also contains the power-supply volume control (PSVC) PWM.

The interpolator, noise shaper, and PWM sections provide a PWM output with the following features:

  • Up to 8× oversampling
    • 4× at fS = 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz
    • 2× at fS = 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz
  • Fourth-order noise shaping
  • 105-dB dynamic range 0–20 kHz (TAS5548 + TAS5614 system measured at speaker terminals)
  • THD < 0.01%
  • Adjustable modulation limit of 87.4% to 99.2%
  • 3.3-V digital signal

7.3.5.1 DC Blocking (High-Pass Filter Enable/Disable)

Each input channel incorporates a first-order, digital, high-pass filter to block potential dc components. The filter –3-dB point is approximately 2-Hz at the 96-kHz sampling rate. The high-pass filter can be enabled and disabled via the I2C system control register 1 (0x03 bit D7). The default setting is 1 (high-pass filter enabled).

7.3.5.2 AM Interference Avoidance

Digital amplifiers can degrade AM reception as a result of their RF emissions. Texas Instruments' patented AM interference-avoidance circuit provides a flexible system solution for a wide variety of digital audio architectures. During AM reception, the TAS5548 adjusts the radiated emissions to provide an emission-clear zone for the tuned AM frequency. The inputs to the TAS5548 for this operation are the tuned AM frequency, the IF frequency, and the sample rate. This PWM rate modification is done by modifying the output rate of the Sample Rate Converter, and the following DSP and PWM modulator.

7.3.6 TAS5548 Controls and Status

The TAS5548 provides control and status information from both the I2C registers and device pins.

This section describes some of these controls and status functions. The I2C summary and detailed register descriptions are contained in Register Maps and I 2C Serial-Control Interface.

7.3.6.1 I2C Status Registers

The TAS5548 has two status registers that provide general device information. These are the general status register 0 (0x01) and the error status register (0x02).

7.3.6.1.1 General Status Register (0x01)

  • Device identification code

7.3.6.1.2 Error Status Register (0x02)

  • No internal errors (the valid signal is high)
  • Audio Clip indicator. Writing to the register clears the indicator.
  • This error status register is normally used for system development only.

7.3.6.2 TAS5548 Pin Controls

The TAS5548 provide a number of terminal controls to manage the device operation. These controls are:

7.3.6.2.1 Reset (RESET)

The TAS5548 is placed in the reset mode either by the power-up reset circuitry when power is applied, or by setting the RESET terminal low.

RESET is an asynchronous control signal that restores the TAS5548 to the hard-mute state (Non PWM Switching). Master volume is immediately set to full attenuation (there is no ramp down). Reset initiates the device reset without an MCLK input. As long as the RESET terminal is held low, the device is in the reset state. During reset, all I2C and serial data bus operations are ignored.

Table 1 shows the device output signals while RESET is active.

Table 1. Device Outputs During Reset

SIGNAL SIGNAL STATE
Valid Low
PWM P-outputs Low (Non PWM Switching)
PWM M-outputs Low (Non PWM Switching)
SDA Signal input (not driven)

Because RESET is an asynchronous signal, clicks and pops produced during the application (the leading edge) of RESET cannot be avoided. However, the transition from the hard-mute state (Non PWM Switching) to the operational state is performed using a quiet start-up sequence to minimize noise. This control uses the PWM reset and unmute sequence to shut down and start up the PWM. If a completely quiet reset or power-down sequence is desired, MUTE should be applied before applying RESET.

The rising edge of the reset pulse begins device initialization before the transition to the operational mode. During device initialization, all controls are reset to their initial states. Table 2 shows the default control settings following a reset.

Table 2. Values Set During Reset

CONTROL SETTING
Output mixer configuration 0xD0 bit 30 = 0 (remapped output mixer configuration)
High pass Enabled
Unmute from clock error Hard unmute
Input automute Enabled
Output automute Enabled
Serial data interface format I2S, 24-bit
Individual channel mute No channels are muted
Automute delay 14.9 ms
Automute threshold 1 < 8 bits
Automute threshold 2 Same as automute threshold 1
Modulation limit 93.7% (Note: Some power stages require a lower modulation index)
Six- or eight-channel configuration Eight channels
Volume and mute update rate Volume ramp 42.6 ms
Treble and bass slew rate Update every 1.31 ms
Bank switching Manual bank selection is enabled
Biquad coefficients Set to all pass
Input mixer coefficients Input N → Channel N, no attenuation
Output mixer coefficients Channel N → Output N, no attenuation
Subwoofer sum into Ch1 and Ch2 Gain of 0
Ch1 and Ch2 sum in subwoofer Gain of 0
Bass and treble bypass/inline Bypass
DRC bypass/inline Bypass
DRC Default values
Master volume Mute
Individual channel volumes 0 dB
All bass and treble indexes 0 dB
Treble filter sets Filter set 3
Bass filter sets Filter set 3
Loudness Loudness disabled, default values
AM interference mode enable Disabled
AM interference mode IF 455 kHz
AM interference mode select sequence 1
AM interference mode tuned frequency and input mode 0000, BCD

After the initialization time, the TAS5548 starts the transition to the operational state with the master volume set at mute.

Because the TAS5548 has an internal oscillator time base, following the release of reset, oscillator trim command is needed so the TAS5548 can detect the MCLK and data rate and perform the initialization sequences. The PWM outputs are held at a mute state until the master volume is set to a value other than mute via I2C.

7.3.6.2.2 Power Down (PDN)

The TAS5548 can be placed into the power-down mode by holding the PDN terminal low. When the power-down mode is entered, both the PLL and the oscillator are shut down. Volume is immediately set to full attenuation (there is no ramp down). This control uses the PWM mute sequence that provides a low click and pop transition to a non PWM switching mute state.

Power down is an asynchronous operation that does not require MCLK to go into the power-down state. To initiate the power-up sequence requires MCLK to be operational and the TAS5548 to receive five MCLKs prior to the release of PDN.

As long as the PDN pin is held low, the device is in the power-down state with the PWM outputs not switching. During power down, all I2C and serial data bus operations are ignored. Table 3 shows the device output signals while PDN is active.

Table 3. Device Outputs During Power Down

SIGNAL SIGNAL STATE
VALID Low
PWM P-outputs Not Switching = Low
PWM M-outputs Not Switching = Low
SDA Inputs Ignored
PSVC Low

Following the application of PDN, the TAS5548 does not perform a quiet shutdown to prevent clicks and pops produced during the application (the leading edge) of this command. The application of PDN immediately performs a PWM stop. A quiet stop sequence can be performed by first applying MUTE before PDN.

When PDN is released, the system goes to the end state specified by the MUTE and BKND_ERR pins and the I2C register settings.

7.3.6.2.3 Back-End Error (BKND_ERR)

Back-end error is used to provide error management for back-end error conditions. Back-end error is a level-sensitive signal. Back-end error can be initiated by bringing the BKND_ERR terminal low for a minimum of five MCLK cycles. When BKND_ERR is brought low, the PWM sets either six or eight channels into the PWM back-end error state. This state is described in PWM Features. Once the back-end error is removed, a delay of 5 ms is performed before the system starts the output re-initialization sequence. After the initialization time, the TAS5548 begins normal operation. During back-end error I2C registers retain current values.

Table 4. Device Outputs During Back-End Error

SIGNAL SIGNAL STATE
Valid Low
PWM P-outputs Non PWM Switching = low
PWM M-outputs Non PWM Switching = low
PWM_HP P-outputs Non PWM Switching = low
PWM_HP M-outputs Non PWM Switching = low
SDA Signal input (not driven)

7.3.6.2.3.1 BKND_ERR and VALID

The number of channels that are affected by the BKND_ERR signal depends on the setting of bit D1 of I2C register 0xE0. If the I2C setting (of bit D1) is 0 (8-channel mode), the TAS5548 places all eight PWM outputs in the PWM back-end error state. If the I2C setting (of bit D1) is 1, the TAS5548 is in 6-channel mode. For proper operation in 6-channel mode, the lineout configuration registers (0x09 and 0x0A) must be 0x00 instead of the default of 0xE0. In this case, VALID is pulled LOW, and the TAS5548 brings PWM outputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 to a back-end error state, while not affecting lineout channels 5 and 6. Table 4 shows the device output signal states during back-end error.

7.3.6.2.4 Speaker/Headphone Selector (HP_SEL)

The HP_SEL terminal enables the headphone output or the speaker outputs. The headphone output receives the processed data output from DAP and PWM channels 1 and 2.

In 6-channel configuration, this feature does not affect the two lineout channels.

When low, the headphone output is enabled. In this mode, the speaker outputs are disabled. When high, the speaker outputs are enabled and the headphone is disabled.

Changes in the pin logic level result in a state change sequence using soft mute (PWM switching at 50/50, noise shaper on) to the hard mute (non-PWM switching) mode for both speaker and headphone followed by a soft unmute.

When HP_SEL is low, the configuration of channels 1 and 2 is defined by the headphone configuration register. When HP_SEL is high, the channel-1 and -2 configuration registers define the configuration of channels 1 and 2.

If using the remapped-output mixer configuration (0xD0 bit 30 = 0) in the 6-channel mode, the headphone operation is modified. That is, following the assertion or de-assertion of headphone, mute must be asserted and de-asserted using the MUTE pin.

7.3.6.2.5 Mute (MUTE)

The mute control provides a noiseless volume ramp to silence. Releasing mute provides a noiseless ramp to previous volume. The TAS5548 has both master and individual channel mute commands. A terminal is also provided for the master mute. The master mute I2C register and the MUTE terminal are logically ORed together. If either is asserted, a mute on all channels is performed. The master mute command operates on all channels regardless of whether the system is in the 6- or 8-channel configuration. PWM is switching at 50% duty cycle during mute.

The master mute terminal is used to support a variety of other operations in the TAS5548, such as setting the biquad coefficients, the serial interface format, and the clock rates. A mute command by the master mute terminal, individual I2C mute, the AM interference mute sequence, the bank-switch mute sequence, or automute overrides an unmute command or a volume command. While a mute is active, the commanded channels are placed in a mute state. When a channel is unmuted, it goes to the last commanded volume setting that has been received for that channel.

7.3.6.2.6 Power-Supply Volume Control (PSVC)

The TAS5548 supports volume control both by conventional digital gain/attenuation and by a combination of digital and analog gain/attenuation. Varying the H-bridge power-supply voltage performs the analog volume control function. The benefits of using power-supply volume control (PSVC) are reduced idle channel noise, improved signal resolution at low volumes, increased dynamic range, and reduced radio frequency emissions at reduced power levels. The PSVC is enabled via I2C. When enabled, the PSVC provides a PWM output that is filtered to provide a reference voltage for the power supply. The power-supply adjustment range can be set for –-12.04, –18.06, or –24.08 dB, to accommodate a range of variable power-supply designs.

Figure 18 and Figure 19 show how power-supply and digital gains can be used together.

The volume biquad (0xCF) can be used to implement a low-pass filter in the digital volume control to match the PSVC volume transfer function. Note that if the PVSC function is not used, the volume biquad is all-pass (default).

TAS5548 sles162_g002.gifFigure 18. Power-Supply and Digital Gains (Linear Space)
TAS5548 sles162_g003.gifFigure 19. Power-Supply and Digital Gains (Log Space)

7.4 Device Functional Modes

Figure 23 shows the TAS5548 functional structure. The following sections describe the TAS5548 functional blocks:

  • Power Supply
  • Clock, PLL, and Serial Data Interface
  • Serial Control Interface
  • Device Control
  • Digital Audio Processor
  • PWM Section
  • 8 Channel ASRC

7.4.1 Power Supply

The power-supply section contains 1.8 V supply regulators that provide analog and digital regulated power for various sections of the TAS5548. The analog supply supports the analog PLL, whereas digital supplies support the digital PLL, the digital audio processor (DAP), the pulse-width modulator (PWM), and the output control.

7.4.2 Clock, PLL, and Serial Data Interface

In the TAS5548, the internal master clock is derived from the XTAL and the internal sampling rate will always be 96 kHz (double speed mode) or 192 kHz (quad speed mode).

There is a fifth (I2S input) SAP input that will not go through the ASRC. Due to this, this fifth SAP input will be always slave to internal master clock.

Due to the limitation in the ASRC block, in quad speed mode the number of supported channels will be halved, which happens when the ASRC is set into a certain mode. In this mode, only one serial audio input (two channels) will be processed per ASRC module and its output will be copied to the other two channels at the ASRC output.

The TAS5548 uses the external crystal to provide a time base for:

  • Continuous data and clock error detection and management
  • Automatic data-rate detection and configuration
  • Automatic MCLK-rate detection and configuration (automatic bank switching)
  • Supporting I2C operation/communication while MCLK is absent
  • The TAS5548 automatically handles clock errors, data-rate changes, and master-clock frequency changes without requiring intervention from an external system controller. This feature significantly reduces system complexity and design.

7.4.3 Serial Audio Interface

The TAS5548 has five PCM serial data interfaces to permit eight channels of digital data to be received through the SDIN1-1, SDIN1-2, SDIN2-1, SDIN2-2 and SDIN5 inputs. The device also has one serial audio output. The serial audio data is in MSB-first, 2s-complement format.

The serial data input interface can be configured in right-justified, I2S or left-justified. The serial data interface format is specified using the I2C data-interface control register. The supported formats and word lengths are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Serial Data Formats

RECEIVE SERIAL DATA FORMAT WORD LENGTH
Right-justified 16
Right-justified 20
Right-justified 24
I2S 16
I2S 20
I2S 24
Left-justified 16
Left-justified 20
Left-justified 24

Serial data is input on SDIN1-SDIN5. The device will accept 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4 and 192 kHz serial data in 16, 20 or 24-bit data in Left, Right and I2S serial data formats using a 64 Fs SCLK clock and a 64, 128, 192, 256, 384, or 512 * Fs MCLK rates (up to a maximum of 50 MHz).

NOTE

To run MCLK at 64 Fs, the source signal must be at least 48 kHz.

Serial Data is output on SDOUT. The SDOUT data format is I2S 24 bit.

The parameters of this clock and serial data interface are I2C configurable. But the default is autodetect.

7.4.4 I 2C Serial-Control Interface

The TAS5548 has an I2C serial-control slave interface to receive commands from a system controller. The serial-control interface supports both normal-speed (100-kHz) and high-speed (400-kHz) operations without wait states.

The serial control interface supports both single-byte and multiple-byte read/write operations for status registers and the general control registers associated with the PWM. However, for the DAP data-processing registers, the serial control interface also supports multiple-byte (4-byte) write operations.

The I2C supports a special mode which permits I2C write operations to be broken up into multiple data-write operations that are multiples of 4 data bytes. These are 6-byte, 10-byte, 14-byte, 18-byte, etc., write operations that are composed of a device address, read/write bit, subaddress, and any multiple of 4 bytes of data. This permits the system to incrementally write large register values with multiple 4 byte transfers. I2C transactions. In order to use this feature, the first block of data is written to the target I2C address, and each subsequent block of data is written to a special append register (0xFE) until all the data is written and a stop bit is sent. An incremental read operation is not supported using 0xFE.

7.4.5 Device Control

The control section provides the control and sequencing for the TAS5548. The device control provides both high- and low-level control for the serial control interface, clock and serial data interfaces, digital audio processor, and pulse-width modulator sections.

7.4.6 Energy Manager

Energy Manager monitors the overall energy (power) in the system. It can be programmed to monitor the energy of all channels or satellite and sub separately. The output of energy manager, all called EMO, is a flag that is set when the energy level crosses above the programmed threshold. This level is indicated in internal status registers as well as in pin output.

7.4.7 Digital Audio Processor (DAP)

The DAP arithmetic unit is used to implement all audio-processing functions: soft volume, loudness compensation, bass and treble processing, dynamic range control, channel filtering, and input and output mixing. Figure 23 shows the TAS5548 DAP architecture.

7.4.7.1 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Configurations

The 32-kHz to 96-kHz configuration supports eight channels of data processing that can be configured either as eight channels, or as six channels with two channels for separate stereo line outputs. All data is SRC'd to 96kHz in this mode, and processed in the DAP at 96kHz.

The 176.4-kHz to 192-kHz configuration supports four channels of signal processing with two channels passed through (or derived from the three processed channels).

To support efficiently the processing requirements of both multichannel 32-kHz to 96-kHz data and the 6-channel 176.4-kHz and 192-kHz data, the TAS5548 has separate audio-processing features for 32-kHz to 96-kHz data rates and for 176.4 kHz and 192 kHz. See Table 6 for a summary of TAS5548 processing feature sets.

7.4.7.2 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Feature Sets

The audio processing architecture of the TAS5548 DAP for normal and double speed configurations is shown below.

Table 6. TAS5548 Audio-Processing Feature Sets

FEATURE 32 kHz–96 kHz
8-CHANNEL FEATURE SET
32 kHz–96 kHz
6 + 2 LINEOUT FEATURE SET
176.4- and 192-kHz
FEATURE SET
Signal-processing channels 8 6 + 2 4
Master volume 1 for 8 channels 1 for 6 channels 1 for 4 channels
Individual channel volume
controls
8 4
Bass and treble tone controls Four bass and treble tone controls with ±18-dB range, programmable corner frequencies, and second- order slopes
L, R, and C
LS, RS
LBS, RBS
Sub
Four bass and treble tone controls with ±18-dB range, programmable corner frequencies, and second- order slopes
L, R, and C
LS, RS
Sub
Line L and R
Two bass and treble tone controls with ±18-dB range, programmable corner frequencies, and second-order slopes for satellite channels (selectable). One Bass Control for Sub (channel 8)
Biquads 56 22
Dynamic range compressors 1 for 7 satellites and 1 for sub 1 for satellites and 1 for sub
(Line 1 and 2 Uncompressed)
2 - 1 for 3 satellites and 1 for sub
Input/output mapping/
mixing
Each of the eight signal-processing channels input can be any ratio of the eight input channels.
Each of the eight outputs can be any ratio of any two processed channels.
Channels 1, 2, 5, 6 has 4×1
mixer on the output and input
DC-blocking filters (implemented in PWM section) Eight channels
Digital de-emphasis (implemented in PWM section) Eight channels for 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, and 48 kHz Six channels for 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, and 48 kHz N/A
Loudness Eight channels Six channels Four channels
Number of coefficient sets stored Two additional coefficient sets can be stored in memory. (Bank Switching data for ASRC Bypass Mode)

7.4.8 Pulse Width Modulation Schemes

TAS5548 supports three PWM modulations schemes: AD Mode, BD Mode and Ternary Mode. Ternary mode is selected using register 0X25, bit D5. For AD and BD Modulation schemes, this bit should be set to 0. AD/BD mode is selected via input mux registers 0X30-0X33. Following PWM timing diagram shows the three different schemes.

TAS5548 mod_ad_les255.gifFigure 20. AD Modulation
TAS5548 mod_bd_les255.gifFigure 21. BD Modulation
TAS5548 mod_tern_les255.gifFigure 22. Ternary Modulation

7.4.9 TAS5548 DAP Architecture Diagrams

The TAS5548 defaults to processing audio data (post ASRC) at double rate. In the TAS5548, this is set to 96kHz (by the external XTAL used). . Additional support is provided for native 192kHz support. 4ch of audio processing is available in 192kHz native processing mode.

Figure 23 shows the TAS5548 DAP architecture for fS ≤ 96 kHz. The bass management architecture is shown in channels 1, 2, 7 and 8. The I2C registers are shown to help the designer configure the device.

Figure 24 shows the architecture for fS = 176.4 kHz or fS = 192 kHz. Note that only channels 1, 2, 7 and 8 contain limited features. Channels 3–6 are pass-through except for volume controls.

Figure 25 shows TAS5548 detailed channel processing. The output mixer is 8×2 for channels 1–6 and 8×3 for channels 7 and 8.

TAS5548 b0014-01_les270.gif
1. Default inputs
Figure 23. TAS5548 DAP Architecture With I2C Registers (fS ≤ 96 kHz)
TAS5548 192kH_proc_les270.gif
1. Default inputs
Figure 24. TAS5548 Architecture With I2C Registers in 192kHz Native Mode (fS = 176.4 kHz or fS = 192 kHz)
TAS5548 b0016_les255.gifFigure 25. TAS5548 Detailed Channel Processing

7.4.10 I 2C Coefficient Number Formats

The architecture of the TAS5548 is contained in ROM resources within the device and cannot be altered. However, mixer gain, level offset, and filter tap coefficients, which can be entered via the I2C bus interface, provide a user with the flexibility to set the TAS5548 to a configuration that achieves system-level goals.

The firmware is executed in a 32-bit, signed, fixed-point arithmetic machine. The most significant bit of the 32-bit data path is a sign bit, and the 31 lower bits are data bits. Mixer gain operations are implemented by multiplying a 32-bit, signed data value by a 28-bit, signed gain coefficient (known as 5.23 in the rest of this document. See for more details). The 60-bit, signed output product is then truncated to a signed, 32-bit number. Level offset operations are implemented by adding a 32-bit, signed offset coefficient to a 32-bit, signed data value.

In most cases, if the addition results in overflowing the 32-bit, signed number format, saturation logic is used. This means that if the summation results in a positive number that is greater than 0x7FFF FFFF FF (the spaces are used to ease the reading of the hexadecimal number), the number is set to 0x7FFF FFFF FF. If the summation results in a negative number that is less than 0x8000 0000 00, the number is set to 0x8000 0000 00. This allows the system to clip in a similar way to an analog circuit, rather than "wrapping around" to a polar opposite output.

7.4.10.1 Digital Audio Processor (DAP) Arithmetic Unit

The digital audio processor (DAP) arithmetic unit is a fixed-point computational engine consisting of an arithmetic unit and data and coefficient memory blocks.

The DAP arithmetic unit is used to implement all firmware functions - loudness compensation, bass and treble processing, dynamic range control, channel filtering, input and output mixing.

Figure 26 shows the data word structure of the DAP arithmetic unit. Four bits of overhead or guard bits are provided at the upper end of the 32-bit DAP word, and 4 bits of computational precision or noise bits are provided at the lower end of the 32-bit word. The incoming digital audio words are all positioned with the most significant bit abutting the 4-bit overhead/guard boundary. The sign bit in bit 31 indicates that all incoming audio samples are treated as signed data samples.

TAS5548 G003_les270.gifFigure 26. DAP Arithmetic Unit Data Word Structure

The arithmetic engine is a 32-bit (9.23 format) processor consisting of a general-purpose 60-bit arithmetic logic unit and function-specific arithmetic blocks. Multiply operations (excluding the function-specific arithmetic blocks) always involve 32-bit (9.23) DAP words and 28-bit (5.23) coefficients (usually I2C programmable coefficients). If a group of products are to be added together, the 60-bit product of each multiplication is applied to a 60-bit adder, where a DSP-like multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation takes place. Biquad filter computations use the MAC operation to maintain precision in the intermediate computational stages.

To maximize the linear range of the 76-bit ALU, saturation logic is not used. In MAC computations, intermediate overflows are permitted, and it is assumed that subsequent terms in the computation flow will correct the overflow condition. The biquad filter structure used in the TAS5548 is the “direct form I” structure and has only one accumulation node (for an example, see ). With this type of structure, intermediate overflow are allowable as long as the designer of the filters has assured that the final output will bounded and not overflow. Figure 27 is an example, using 8-bit arithmetic for ease of illustration, of a bounded computation that experiences intermediate overflow condition.

The DAP memory banks include a dual port data RAM for storing intermediate results, a coefficient RAM, and a fixed program ROM. Only the coefficient RAM, assessable via the I2C bus, is available to the user.

TAS5548 G004_les270.gifFigure 27. DAP ALU Operation With Intermediate Overflow

7.4.10.2 28-Bit 5.23 Number Format

All mixer gain coefficients are 28-bit coefficients using a 5.23 number format. Numbers formatted as 5.23 numbers have 5 bits to the left of the binary point and 23 bits to the right of the binary point. This is shown in Figure 28.

TAS5548 m0007-01.gifFigure 28. 5.23 Format

The decimal value of a 5.23 format number can be found by following the weighting shown in Figure 29. If the most significant bit is logic 0, the number is a positive number, and the weighting shown yields the correct number. If the most significant bit is a logic 1, then the number is a negative number. In this case, every bit must be inverted, a 1 added to the result, and then the weighting shown in Figure 29 applied to obtain the magnitude of the negative number.

TAS5548 m0008-01.gifFigure 29. Conversion Weighting Factors—5.23 Format to Floating Point

Gain coefficients, entered via the I2C bus, must be entered as 32-bit binary numbers. The format of the 32-bit number (4-byte or 8-digit hexadecimal number) is shown in Figure 30.

TAS5548 m0009-01.gifFigure 30. Alignment of 5.23 Coefficient in 32-Bit I2C Word

As Figure 30 shows, the hexadecimal (hex) value of the integer part of the gain coefficient cannot be concatenated with the hex value of the fractional part of the gain coefficient to form the 32-bit I2C coefficient. The reason is that the 28-bit coefficient contains 5 bits of integer, and thus the integer part of the coefficient occupies all of one hex digit and the most significant bit of the second hex digit. In the same way, the fractional part occupies the lower three bits of the second hex digit, and then occupies the other five hex digits (with the eighth digit being the zero-valued most significant hex digit).

7.4.10.3 TAS5548 Audio Processing

The TAS5548 digital audio processing is designed so that noise produced by filter operations is maintained below the smallest signal amplitude of interest, as shown in Figure 31. The device achieves this low noise level by increasing the precision of the signal representation substantially above the number of bits that are absolutely necessary to represent the input signal.

Similarly, the TAS5548 carries additional precision in the form of overflow bits to permit the value of intermediate calculations to exceed the input precision without clipping. The TAS5548's advanced digital audio processor achieves both of these important performance capabilities by using a high-performance digital audio-processing architecture with a 32-bit data path, 28-bit filter coefficients, and a 60-bit accumulator.

TAS5548 m0010-01.gifFigure 31. TAS5548 Digital Audio Processing

7.4.11 Input Crossbar Mixer

The TAS5548 has a full 10×8 input crossbar mixer. This mixer permits each signal-processing channel input to be any mix of any of the eight input channels, as shown in Figure 32. The control parameters for the input crossbar mixer are programmable via the I2C interface. See Input Mixer Registers, Channels 1–8 (0x41–0x48) for more information.

TAS5548 m0011-01.gifFigure 32. Input Crossbar Mixer

7.4.12 Biquad Filters

For 32-kHz to 96-kHz data, the TAS5548 provides 56 biquads across the eight channels (seven per channel).

For 176.4-kHz and 192-kHz data, the TAS5548 has 22 biquads with channels 1 and 2 having 5 biquads each, and channels 7 and 8 having 6 biquads each.

The direct form I structure provides a separate delay element and mixer (gain coefficient) for each node in the biquad filter. Each mixer output is a signed 60-bit product of a signed 32-bit data sample (9.23 format number) and a signed 28-bit coefficient (5.23 format number), as shown in Figure 33. The 60-bit ALU in the TAS5548 allows the 60-bit resolution to be retained when summing the mixer outputs (filter products). All of the biquad filters are second-order direct form I structure.

The five 28-bit coefficients for the each of the 56 biquads are programmable via the I2C interface. See Table 7.

TAS5548 m0012-01.gifFigure 33. Biquad Filter Structure

All five coefficients for one biquad filter structure are written to one I2C register containing 20 bytes (or five 32-bit words). The structure is the same for all biquads in the TAS5548. Registers 0x51–0x88 show all the biquads in the TAS5548. Note that u[31:28] bits are unused and default to 0x0.

Table 7. Contents of One 20-Byte Biquad Filter Register (Default = All-Pass)

DESCRIPTION REGISTER FIELD CONTENTS INITIALIZATION GAIN COEFFICIENT VALUE
DECIMAL HEX
b0 coefficient u[31:28], b0[27:24], b0[23:16], b0[15:8], b0[7:0] 1.0 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00
b1 coefficient u[31:28], b1[27:24], b1[23:16], b1[15:8], b1[7:0] 0.0 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
b2 coefficient u[31:28], b2[27:24], b2[23:16], b2[15:8], b2[7:0] 0.0 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
a1 coefficient u[31:28], a1[27:24], a1[23:16], a1[15:8], a1[7:0] 0.0 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
a2 coefficient u[31:28], a2[27:24], a2[23:16], a2[15:8], a2[7:0] 0.0 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

7.4.13 Bass and Treble Controls

In post-SRC 96kHz processing mode, the TAS5548 has four bass and treble tone control groups. Each control has a ±18-dB control range with selectable corner frequencies and second-order slopes. These controls operate four channel groups:

  • L, R, and C (channels 1, 2, and 7)
  • LS, RS (channels 3 and 4)
  • LBS, RBS (alternatively called L and R lineout) (channels 5 and 6)
  • Sub (channel 8)

For post-SRC 192-kHz data, the TAS5548 has two bass and treble tone controls. Each control has a ±18-dB I2C control range with selectable corner frequencies and second-order slopes. These controls operate two channel groups:

  • L, R and C
  • Sub
    • Sub only has bass and no treble.

The bass and treble filters use a soft update rate that does not produce artifacts during adjustment.

Table 8. Bass and Treble Filter Selections

fS
(kHz)
3-dB CORNER FREQUENCIES, Hz
FILTER SET 1 FILTER SET 2 FILTER SET 3 FILTER SET 4 FILTER SET 5
BASS TREBLE BASS TREBLE BASS TREBLE BASS TREBLE BASS TREBLE
88.2 115 2527 230 5053 345 8269 402 10106 459 11944
96 125 2750 250 5500 375 9000 438 11000 500 13000
176.4 230 5053 459 10106 689 16538 804 20213 919 23888
192 250 5500 500 11000 750 18000 875 22000 1000 26000

The I2C registers that control bass and treble are:

  • Bass and treble bypass register (0x89–0x90, channels 1–8)
  • Bass and treble slew rates (0xD0)
  • Bass filter sets 1–5 (0xDA)
  • Bass filter index (0xDB)
  • Treble filter sets 1–5 (0xDC)
  • Treble filter index (0xDD)

NOTE

The bass and treble bypass registers (0x89–0x90) are defaulted to the bypass mode. In order to use the bass and treble, these registers must be in the inline (or enabled) mode for each channel using bass and treble.

7.4.14 Volume, Automute, and Mute

The TAS5548 provides individual channel and master volume controls. Each control provides an adjustment range of 18 dB to –127 dB in 0.25-dB increments. This permits a total volume device control range of 36 dB to –127 dB plus mute. The master volume control can be configured to control six or eight channels.

The TAS5548 has a master soft mute control that can be enabled by a terminal or I2C command. The device also has individual channel soft mute controls that are enabled via I2C.

7.4.15 Loudness Compensation

The loudness compensation function compensates for the Fletcher-Munson loudness curves. The TAS5548 loudness implementation tracks the volume control setting to provide spectral compensation for weak low- or high-frequency response at low volume levels. For the volume tracking function, both linear and logarithmic control laws can be implemented. Any biquad filter response can be used to provide the desired loudness curve. The control parameters for the loudness control are programmable via the I2C interface.

The TAS5548 has a single set of loudness controls for the eight channels. In 6-channel mode, loudness is available to the six speaker outputs and also to the line outputs. The loudness control input uses the maximum individual master volume (V) to control the loudness that is applied to all channels. In the 192-kHz and 176.4-kHz modes, the loudness function is active only for channels 1, 2, and 8.

TAS5548 b0017-01.gifFigure 34. Loudness Compensation Functional Block Diagram

Loudness function = f(V) = G × [2(Log V) × LG + LO] + O or alternatively,

Loudness function = f(V) = G × [VLG × 2LO] + O

For example, for the default values LG = –0.5, LO = 0, G = 1, and O = 0, then:

Loudness function = 1/SQRT(V), which is the recommended transfer function for loudness. So,

Audio out = (audio in) × V + H(Z) × SQRT(V). Other transfer functions are possible.

Table 9. Default Loudness Compensation Parameters

LOUDNESS
TERM
DESCRIPTION USAGE DATA FORMAT I2C
SUB-
ADDRESS
DEFAULT
HEX FLOAT
V Max volume Gains audio 5.23 NA NA NA
Log V Log2 (max volume) Loudness function 5.23 NA 0000 0000 0.0
H(Z) Loudness biquad Controls shape of
loudness curves
5.23 0x95 b0 = 0000 D513
b1 = 0000 0000
b2 = 0FFF 2AED
a1 = 00FE 5045
a2 = 0F81 AA27
b0 = 0.006503
b1 = 0
b2 = –0.006503
a1 = 1.986825
a2 = –0.986995
LG Gain (log space) Loudness function 5.23 0x91 FFC0 0000 –0.5
LO Offset (log space) Loudness function 9.23 0x92 0000 0000 0
G Gain Switch to enable
loudness (ON = 1, OFF = 0)
5.23 0x93 0000 0000 0
O Offset Provides offset 9.23 0x94 0000 0000 0

7.4.15.1 Loudness Example

Problem: Due to the Fletcher-Munson phenomena, compensation for low-frequency attenuation near 60 Hz is desirable. The TAS5548 provides a loudness transfer function with EQ gain = 6, EQ center frequency = 60 Hz, and EQ bandwidth = 60 Hz.

Solution: Using Texas Instruments TAS5548 GUI tool (downloadable from ti.com), Matlab™, or other signal-processing tool, develop a loudness function with the parameters listed in Table 10.

Table 10. Example Loudness Function Parameters

LOUDNESS TERM DESCRIPTION USAGE DATA FORMAT I2C
SUB-
ADDRESS
EXAMPLE
HEX FLOAT
H(Z) Loudness biquad Controls shape of
loudness curves
5.23 0x95 b0 = 0000 8ACE
b1 = 0000 0000
b2 = FFFF 7532
a1 = FF01 1951
a2 = 007E E914
b0 = 0.004236
b1 = 0
b2 = –0.004236
a1 = –1.991415
a2 = 0.991488
LG Loudness gain Loudness function 5.23 0x91 FFC0 0000 –0.5
LO Loudness offset Loudness function 9.23 0x92 0000 0000 0
G Gain Switch to enable
loudness (ON = 1, OFF = 0)
5.23 0x93 0080 0000 1
O Offset Offset 9.23 0x94 0000 0000 0

See Figure 35 for the resulting loudness function at different gains.

TAS5548 sles162_g001.gifFigure 35. Loudness Example Plots

7.4.16 Dynamic Range Control (DRC)

DRC provides both compression and expansion capabilities over three separate and definable regions of audio signal levels. Programmable threshold levels set the boundaries of the three regions. Within each of the three regions, a distinct compression or expansion transfer function can be established and the slope of each transfer function is determined by programmable parameters. The offset (boost or cut) at the two boundaries defining the three regions can also be set by programmable offset coefficients. The DRC implements the composite transfer function by computing a 5.23-format gain coefficient from each sample output from the rms estimator. This gain coefficient is then applied to a mixer element, whose other input is the audio data stream. The mixer output is the DRC-adjusted audio data.

The TAS5548 has two distinct DRC blocks. DRC1 services channels 1–7 in the 8-channel mode and channels 1–4 and 7 in the 6-channel mode. This DRC computes rms estimates of the audio data streams on all channels that it controls. The estimates are then compared on a sample-by-sample basis and the larger of the estimates is used to compute the compression/expansion gain coefficient. The gain coefficient is then applied to the appropriate channel audio streams. DRC2 services only channel 8. This DRC also computes an rms estimate of the signal level on channel 8 and this estimate is used to compute the compression/expansion gain coefficient applied to the channel-8 audio stream.

All of the TAS5548 default values for DRC can be used except for the DRC1 decay and DRC2 decay. Table 11 shows the recommended time constants and their hex values. If the user wants to implement other DRC functions, Texas Instruments recommends using the GUI available from Texas Instruments. The tool allows the user to select the DRC transfer function graphically. It then outputs the TAS5548 hex coefficients for download to the TAS5548.

Table 11. DRC Recommended Changes From TAS5548 Defaults

I2C
SUBADDRESS
REGISTER FIELDS RECOMMENDED TIME
CONSTANT (ms)
RECOMMENDED
HEX VALUE
DEFAULT HEX DEFAULT TIME CONSTANT (ms)
0x98 DRC1 energy 5 0000 883F 0000 883F
DRC1 (1 – energy) 007F 77C0 007F 77C0
0x9C DRC1 attack 5 0000 883F 0000 883F
DRC1 (1 – attack) 007F 77C0 007F 77C0
DRC1 decay 2 0001 538F 0000 0056
DRC1 (1 – decay) 007E AC70 003F FFA8
0x9D DRC2 energy 5 0000 883F 0000 883F
DRC2 (1 – energy) 007F 77C0 007F 77C0
0xA1 DRC2 attack 5 0000 883F 0000 883F
DRC2 (1 – attack) 007F 77C0 007F 77C0
DRC2 decay 2 0001 538F 0000 0056
DRC2 (1 – decay) 007E AC70 003F FFA8

Recommended DRC setup flow if the defaults are used:

  • After power up, load the recommended hex value for DRC1 and DRC2 decay and (1 – decay). See Table 11.
  • Enable either the pre-volume or post-volume DRC using I2C registers 0x96 and 0x97. Note that to avoid a potential timing problem, there is a 10-ms delay between a write to 0x96 and a write to 0x97.

Recommended DRC setup flow if the DRC design uses values different from the defaults:

  • After power up, load all DRC coefficients per the DRC design.
  • Enable either the pre-volume or post-volume DRC. Note that to avoid a potential timing problem, there is a 10-ms delay between a write to 0x96 and a write to 0x97.

Figure 36 shows the positioning of the DRC block in the TAS5548 processing flow. As seen, the DRC input can come either before or after soft volume control and loudness processing.

TAS5548 b0016-02.gifFigure 36. DRC Positioning in TAS5548 Processing Flow

Figure 37 illustrates a typical DRC transfer function.

TAS5548 m0014-01.gifFigure 37. Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) Transfer Function Structure

The three regions shown in Figure 37 are defined by three sets of programmable coefficients:

  • Thresholds T1 and T2 define region boundaries.
  • Offsets O1 and O2 define the DRC gain coefficient settings at thresholds T1 and T2, respectively.
  • Slopes k0, k1, and k2 define whether compression or expansion is to be performed within a given region. The magnitudes of the slopes define the degree of compression or expansion to be performed.

The three sets of parameters are all defined in logarithmic space and adhere to the following rules:

  • The maximum input sample into the DRC is referenced at 0 dB. All values below this maximum value then have negative values in logarithmic (dB) space.
  • Thresholds T1 and T2 define, in dB, the boundaries of the three regions of the DRC, as referenced to the rms value of the data into the DRC. Zero-valued threshold settings reference the maximum-valued rms input into the DRC and negative-valued thresholds reference all other rms input levels. Positive-valued thresholds have no physical meaning and are not allowed. In addition, zero-valued threshold settings are not allowed.

CAUTION

Zero-valued and positive-valued threshold settings are not allowed and cause unpredictable behavior if used.

  • Offsets O1 and O2 define, in dB, the attenuation (cut) or gain (boost) applied by the DRC-derived gain coefficient at the threshold points T1 and T2, respectively. Positive offsets are defined as cuts, and thus boost or gain selections are negative numbers. Offsets must be programmed as 32-bit (9.23 format) numbers.
  • Slopes k0, k1, and k2 define whether compression or expansion is to be performed within a given region, and the degree of compression or expansion to be applied. Slopes are programmed as 28-bit (5.23 format) numbers.

7.4.16.1 DRC Implementation

The three elements comprising the DRC include: (1) an rms estimator, (2) a compression/expansion coefficient computation engine, and (3) an attack/decay controller.

  • RMS estimator—This DRC element derives an estimate of the rms value of the audio data stream into the DRC. For the DRC block shared by Ch1 and Ch2, two estimates are computed—an estimate of the Ch1 audio data stream into the DRC, and an estimate of the Ch2 audio data stream into the DRC. The outputs of the two estimators are then compared, sample-by-sample, and the larger-valued sample is forwarded to the compression/expansion coefficient computation engine.              
    Two programmable parameters, ae and (1 – ae), set the effective time window over which the rms estimate is made. For the DRC block shared by Ch1 and Ch2, the programmable parameters apply to both rms estimators. The time window over which the rms estimation is computed can be determined by:
  • Equation 1. TAS5548 sles162_eq1-1.gif
    a. Care should be taken when calculating the time window for 192kHz content. Please use 96kHz as the sampling frequency for 96kHz AND 192kHz, as the TAS5548 uses a digital decimator to do all DAP processing at 96kHz.
    b. ae = energy time
  • Compression/expansion coefficient computation—This DRC element converts the output of the rms estimator to a logarithmic number, determines the region where the input resides, and then computes and outputs the appropriate coefficient to the attack/decay element. Seven programmable parameters, T1, T2, O1, O2, k0, k1, and k2, define the three compression/expansion regions implemented by this element.
  • Attack/decay control—This DRC element controls the transition time of changes in the coefficient computed in the compression/expansion coefficient computation element. Four programmable parameters define the operation of this element. Parameters ad and (1 – ad) set the decay or release time constant to be used for volume boost (expansion). Parameters aa and (1 – aa) set the attack time constant to be used for volume cuts. The transition time constants can be determined by:
Equation 2. TAS5548 sles162_eq1-2.gif
a. aa = attack time
b. ad - decay time

7.4.16.2 Compression/Expansion Coefficient Computation Engine Parameters

Seven programmable parameters are assigned to each DRC block: two threshold parameters—T1 and T2, two offset parameters—O1 and O2, and three slope parameters—k0, k1, and k2. The threshold parameters establish the three regions of the DRC transfer curve, the offsets anchor the transfer curve by establishing known gain settings at the threshold levels, and the slope parameters define whether a given region is a compression or an expansion region.

T2 establishes the boundary between the high-volume region and the mid-volume region. T1 establishes the boundary between the mid-volume region and the low-volume region. Both thresholds are set in logarithmic space, and which region is active for any given rms estimator output sample is determined by the logarithmic value of the sample.

Threshold T2 serves as the fulcrum or pivot point in the DRC transfer function. O2 defines the boost (> 0 dB) or cut (< 0 dB) implemented by the DRC-derived gain coefficient for an rms input level of T2. If O2 = 0 dB, the value of the derived gain coefficient is 1 (0x0080 0000 in 5.23 format). k2 is the slope of the DRC transfer function for rms input levels above T2, and k1 is the slope of the DRC transfer function for rms input levels below T2 (and above T1). The labeling of T2 as the fulcrum stems from the fact that there cannot be a discontinuity in the transfer function at T2. The user can, however, set the DRC parameters to realize a discontinuity in the transfer function at the boundary defined by T1. If no discontinuity is desired at T1, the value for the offset term O1 must obey the following equation.

Equation 3. TAS5548 sles091_eq1-3.gif

T1 and T2 are the threshold settings in dB, k1 is the slope for region 1, and O2 is the offset in dB at T2. If the user chooses to select a value of O1 that does not obey the above equation, a ×discontinuity at T1 is realized.

Decreasing in volume from T2, the slope k1 remains in effect until the input level T1 is reached. If, at this input level, the offset of the transfer function curve from the 1 : 1 transfer curve does not equal O1, there is a discontinuity at this input level as the transfer function is snapped to the offset called for by O1. If no discontinuity is wanted, O1 and/or k1 must be adjusted so that the value of the transfer curve at input level T1 is offset from the 1 : 1 transfer curve by the value O1. The examples that follow illustrate both continuous and discontinuous transfer curves at T1.

Decreasing in volume from T1, starting at offset level O1, slope k0 defines the compression/expansion activity in the lower region of the DRC transfer curve.

7.4.16.2.1 Threshold Parameter Computation

For thresholds,

TdB = –6.0206TINPUT= –6.0206TSUB_ADDRESS_ENTRY

If, for example, it is desired to set T1 = –64 dB, then the subaddress entry required to set T1 to –64 dB is:

TAS5548 sles091_eq1-4.gif

T1 is entered as a 32-bit number in 9.23 format. Therefore:

T1 = 10.63 = 0 1010.1010 0001 0100 0111 1010 111
= 0x0550 A3D7 in 9.23 format

7.4.16.2.2 Offset Parameter Computation

The offsets set the boost or cut applied by the DRC-derived gain coefficient at the threshold point. An equivalent statement is that offsets represent the departure of the actual transfer function from a 1 : 1 transfer at the threshold point. Offsets are 9.23 Formatted, 32bit logarithmic numbers. They are computed by the following equation:

TAS5548 sles091_eq1-5.gif

Gains or boosts are represented as negative numbers; cuts or attenuations are represented as positive numbers. For example, to achieve a boost of 21 dB at threshold T1, the I2C coefficient value entered for O1 must be:

TAS5548 eq1_6_sles255.gif

7.4.16.2.3 Slope Parameter Computation

In developing the equations used to determine the subaddress of the input value required to realize a given compression or expansion within a given region of the DRC, the following convention is adopted.

where

    If the DRC realizes an output increase of n dB for every dB increase in the rms value of the audio into the DRC, a 1 : n expansion is being performed. If the DRC realizes a 1-dB increase in output level for every n-dB increase in the rms value of the audio into the DRC, an n : 1 compression is being performed.

    where

      For n : 1 compression, the slope k can be found by: TAS5548 sles091_eq1-inline.gif

      In both expansion (1 : n) and compression (n : 1), n is implied to be greater than 1. Thus, for expansion:

      k = n – 1 means k > 0 for n > 1. Likewise, for compression, TAS5548 sles091_eq1-inline.gif means –1 < k < 0 for n > 1. Thus, it appears that k must always lie in the range k > –1.

      The DRC imposes no such restriction and k can be programmed to values as negative as –15.999. To determine what results when such values of k are entered, it is first helpful to note that the compression and expansion equations for k are actually the same equation. For example, a 1 : 2 expansion is also a 0.5 : 1 compression.

      TAS5548 sles091_eq1-7.gif

      As can be seen, the same value for k is obtained either way. The ability to choose values of k less than –1 allows the DRC to implement negative-slope transfer curves within a given region. Negative-slope transfer curves are usually not associated with compression and expansion operations, but the definition of these operations can be expanded to include negative-slope transfer functions. For example, if k = –4

      TAS5548 sles091_eq1-8.gif

      With k = –4, the output decreases 3 dB for every 1 dB increase in the rms value of the audio into the DRC. As the input increases in volume, the output decreases in volume.

      7.4.17 THD Manager

      The THD manager is designed to set the max output level target after all processing has been completed. The Audio clip engages at +24dB between (pre) and (post) stage. 10% distortion occurs when audio is clipping approx +2.4 to 3dB over full scale. There is amplitude loss when clipping, so THD(post) might allow slight gain through THD manager. 10% distortion clipping will account for approx -1dB of output level loss. This is accounted for as seen with +1dB in step 2 to set output level +0dB

      Example setup to modify 10% THD output level: * note that coefficient calculations are approximate for simplicity

      1. Signal path settings
        • Input -10dBFS
        • Volume 0xD9 0000 000C +15dB
        • THD Manager (pre) 0xE9 0650 0000 +22dB
        • THD Manager (post) 0xEA 0006 7000 -26dB
      2. resulting output
        • output clipping at 10% distortion with output level +0dB
        • input -10 vol +15 THD(pre) +22 THD(post) -26
        • -10 +5 +27(clip) +1
      3. Begin clipping at -12dBFS input with +0dB output level
        • THD Manager (pre) 0xE9 07FF FFFF +24dB (previous setting +22dB + 2dB)
        • result: input -12dBFS output clipping at 10% distortion with output level +0dB
        • input -12 vol +15 THD(pre) +24 THD(post) -26
        • -12 +3 +27(clip) +1
      4. Begin clipping at -12dBFS input with -10dB output
        • THD Manager (post) 0xEA 0002 0000 -36dB (previous setting -26dB -10dB)
        • result: input -12dBFS output clipping at 10% distortion with output level +0dB
        • input -12 vol +15 THD(pre) +24 THD(post) -36
        • -12 +3 +27(clip) -9

      7.4.18 Downmix Algorithm and I2S Out

      TAS5548 dolby_dwn_les255.gifFigure 38. Dolby Downmix

      The TAS5548 has an excellent feature that can mix the input signals to create a downmix to make the I2S serial output which has an SRC that keeps output sample rate at 48KHz irrespective of input sample rate.

      Downmix registers are defined as follows:

      0xE3 == Coefficient for L and R channels
      0xE4 == Coefficient for Center channel
      0xE5 == Coefficient for LS for R_out
      0xE6 == Coefficient for Rs for R_out
      0xE7 == Coefficient for Ls for L_out
      0xE8 == Coefficient for Rs for L_out
      Equation 4. TAS5548 down_eq_les255.gif
      L, R, C, Ls, Rs are input cross bar mixer outputs. L, R, C, Ls, Rs are defined as the output of input mixers. L = Ch1, R = Ch2, C = Ch8, Ls = Ch3, Rs = Ch4, use input mixer to mix any other channels to I2S Out.

      Input Mixers also can be used as other mixers to mix subwoofer channels to I2S out.

      By default I2S out has the following values:

      Equation 5. TAS5548 di2s_eq_les255.gif

      7.4.19 Stereo Downmixes/(or Fold-Downs)

      7.4.19.1 Left Total/Right Total (Lt/Rt)

      Lt/Rt is a downmix suitable for decoding with a Dolby Pro Logic upmixer to obtain 5.1 channels again. Lt/Rt is also suitable for stereophonic sound playback on a hi-fi or on headphones.

      Equation 6. TAS5548 lt_rt_eq_les255.gif
      where Ls and Rs are phase shifted 90°

      7.4.19.2 Left Only/Right Only (Lo/Ro)

      Lo/Ro is a downmix suitable when mono compatibility is required. Lo/Ro destroys front/rear channel separation information and thus a Dolby Pro Logic upmixer will not be able to properly extract 5.1 channels again.

      Equation 7. TAS5548 lo_ro_eq_les255.gif
      where att = –3 dB, –6 dB, –9 dB or 0 dB

      7.4.20 Output Mixer

      The TAS5548 provides an 8×2 output mixer for channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. For channels 7 and 8, the TAS5548 provides an 8×3 output mixer. These mixers allow each output to be any mix of any two (or three) signal-processed channels. The control parameters for the output crossbar mixer are programmable via the I2C interface. All of the TAS5548 features are available when the 8×2 and 8×3 output mixers are configured in the pass-through output mixer configuration, where the audio data from each DAP channel maps directly to the corresponding PWM channel (that is, DAP channel 1 to PWM channel 1, and so on).

      When mixing or remapping DAP channels to different PWM output channels there are limitations to consider:

      • Individual channel mute should not be used.
      • The sum of the minimum channel volume and master volume should not be below –109 dB.

      TAS5548 m0011-05_LES255.gifFigure 39. Output Mixers

      7.4.21 Device Configuration Controls

      The TAS5548 provides a number of system configuration controls that can be set at initialization and set following a reset.

      • Channel configuration
      • Headphone configuration
      • Audio system configurations
      • Recovery from clock error
      • Power-supply volume-control enable
      • Volume and mute update rate
      • Modulation index limit
      • Master-clock and data-rate controls
      • Bank controls

      7.4.21.1 Channel Configuration

      These registers control the TAS5548 response to back end errors.

      Table 12. Description of the Channel Configuration Registers (0x05 to 0x0C)

      BIT DESCRIPTION
      D7 Enable/disable error recovery sequence. In case the BKND_ERR pin is pulled low, this register determines if this channel is to follow the error recovery sequence or to continue with no interruption.
      D6 Reserved
      D5 Reserved
      D4 Inverts the PWM output. Inverting the PWM output can be an advantage if the power stage input pin is opposite the TAS5548 PWM pinout. This makes routing on the PCB easier. To keep the phase of the output, the speaker terminals must also be inverted.
      D3 Reserved
      D2 Reserved
      D1 Reserved
      D0 Reserved

      7.4.21.2 Headphone Configuration Registers

      The headphone configuration controls are identical to the speaker configuration controls. The headphone configuration control settings are used in place of the speaker configuration control settings for channels 1 and 2 when the headphones are selected. However, only one configuration setting for headphones is used, and it is the default setting, that is, in headphone mode 0x05 and 0x06 settings are fixed in default.

      7.4.21.3 Audio System Configurations

      The TAS5548 can be configured to comply with various audio systems: 5.1-channel system, 6-channel system, 7.1-channel system, and 8-channel system.

      The audio system configuration is set in the general control register (0xE0). Bits D31–D4 must be zero and D0 is do not care.

      D3  Must always be 0 (default). Note that subwoofer cannot be used as lineout when PSVC is enabled. (D3 is a write-only bit)
      D2  Enables/disables power-supply volume control
      D1  Sets number of speakers in the system, including possible line outputs

      D3–D1 must be configured for the audio system in the application, as shown in Table 13.

      Table 13. Audio System Configuration (General Control Register 0xE0)

      Audio System D31–D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
      6 channels or 5.1 not using PSVC 0 0 0 1 X
      6 channels using PSVC 0 0 1 1 X
      5.1 system using PSVC 0 0 1 1 X
      8 channels or 7.1 not using PSVC (default) 0 0 0 0 X
      8 channels using PSVC 0 0 1 0 X
      7.1 system using PSVC 0 0 1 0 X

      7.4.21.3.1 Using Line Outputs in 6-Channel Configurations

      The audio system can be configured for a 6-channel configuration (with 2 lineouts) by writing a 1 to bit D1 of register 0xE0 (general control register). In this configuration, channel-5 and -6 processing are exactly the same as the other channels, except that the master volume and the loudness function have no effect on the signal.

      Note that in 6-channel configuration, channels 5 and 6 are unaffected by back-end error (BKND_ERR goes low).

      To use channels 5 and 6 as unprocessed lineouts, the following setup is recommended:

      • Channel-5 volume and channel-6 volume should be set for a constant output, such as 0 dB.
      • Bass and treble for channels 5 and 6 can be used if desired.
      • DRC1 should be bypassed for channels 5 and 6.
      • If a downmix is desired on channels 5 and 6 as lineout, the downmixing can be performed using the channel-5 and channel-6 input mixers.
      • The operation of the channel-5 and -6 biquads is unaffected by the 6-/8-channel configuration setting.

      7.4.21.4 Recovery from Clock Error

      The TAS5548 can be set either to perform a volume ramp up during the recovery sequence of a clock error or simply to come up in the last state (or desired state if a volume or tone update was in progress). This feature is enabled via I2C system control register 0x03.

      7.4.21.5 Power-Supply Volume-Control Enable

      The power-supply volume control (PSVC) can be enabled and disabled via I2C register 0xE0. The subwoofer PWM output is always controlled by the PSVC. When using PSVC the subwoofer cannot be used as lineout.

      7.4.21.6 Volume and Mute Update Rate

      The TAS5548 has fixed soft volume and mute ramp durations. The ramps are linear. The soft volume and mute ramp rates are adjustable by programming the I2C register 0xD0 for the appropriate number of steps to be 512, 1024, or 2048. The update is performed at a fixed rate regardless of the sample rate.

      • In normal speed, the update rate is 1 step every 4/fS seconds.
      • In double speed, the update is 1 step every 8/fS seconds.
      • In quad speed, the update is 1 step every 16/fS seconds.

      Because of processor loading, the update rate can increase for some increments by one step every 1/fS to 3/fS. However, the variance of the total time to go from 18 dB to mute is less than 25%.

      Table 14. Volume Ramp Periods in ms

      NUMBER OF STEPS SAMPLE RATE (kHz)
      44.1, 88.2, 176.4 32, 48, 96, 192
      512 46.44 42.67
      1024 92.88 85.33
      2048 185.76 170.67

      7.4.21.7 Modulation Index Limit

      PWM modulation is a linear function of the audio signal. When the audio signal is 0, the PWM modulation is 50%. When the audio signal increases toward full scale, the PWM modulation increases toward 100%. For negative signals, the PWM modulations fall below 50% toward 0%.

      However, the maximum possible modulation does have a limit. During the off time period, the power stage connected to the TAS5548 output needs to get ready for the next on-time period. The maximum possible modulation is then set by the power stage requirements. The default modulation index limit setting is 93.7%; however, some power stages may require a lower modulation limit. See the applicable power stage data sheet for details on setting the modulation index limit. The default setting of 93.7% can be changed in the modulation index register (0x16).

      7.4.22 Master Clock and Serial Data Rate Controls

      On the TAS5548 the internal master clock is derived from the XTAL and the internal sampling rate will always be 96 kHz (double speed mode) or 192 kHz (quad speed mode).

      The TAS5548 can detect MCLK and the data rate automatically.

      The MCLK frequency can be 64 fS, 128 fS, 196 fS, 256 fS, 384 fS, 512 fS, or 768 fS.

      The TAS5548 accepts a 64 fS SCLK rate and a 1 fS LRCLK.

      The clock and serial data interface have several control parameters:

      • MCLK ratio (64 fS, 128 fS, 196 fS, 256 fS, 384 fS, 512 fS, or 768 fS) – I2C parameter
      • Data rate (32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4, 192 kHz) – I2C parameter
      • AM mode enable/disable – I2C parameter

      7.4.22.1 192kHz Native Processing Mode

      The TAS5548 ASRC defaults to 96kHz at startup. This means all DAP processing and filter calculations should be based on 96kHz sample rate.

      However, the TAS5548 is also capable of processing content at 192kHz (with a reduced channel count).

      To enable 192kHz native mode

      • Write to 0xC5 ASRC Mode Control
      • Set D20 = 1 (Serial clock output sampling rate is the internal sampling rate)
      • Set D1:0 = 01 (192kHz Sampling Rate)
      • 0xC5 = 0011 0001

      DAP processing and filter calculations should be based on 192kHz sample rate. This mode should be used with an incoming I2S rate of 192kHz

      7.4.22.2 PLL Operation

      The TAS5548 uses two internal clocks generated by two internal phase-locked loops (PLLs), the digital PLL (DPLL) and the analog PLL (APLL). The APLL provides the reference clock for the PWM. The DPLL provides the reference clock for the digital audio processor and the control logic.

      The XTAL input provides the input reference clock for the APLL. The external crystal provides a time base to support a number of operations, including the detection of the MCLK ratio, the data rate, and clock error conditions. The internal oscillator time base provides a constant rate for all controls and signal timing.

      7.5 Programming

      7.5.1 I2C Serial-Control Interface (Slave Addresses 0x36)

      The TAS5548 has a bidirectional I2C interface that is compatible with the Inter-IC (I2C) bus protocol and supports both 100-kbps and 400-kbps data transfer rates for single- and multiple-byte write and read operations. This is a slave-only device that does not support a multimaster bus environment or wait state insertion. The control interface is used to program the registers of the device and to read device status.

      The TAS5548 supports the standard-mode I2C bus operation (100 kHz maximum) and the fast I2C bus operation (400 kHz maximum). The TAS5548 performs all I2C operations without I2C wait cycles.

      The I2C address is 0x36 if ASEL pin = '1, but if the value of the pin = '0', then respective values will be 0X34.

      7.5.1.1 General I2C Operation

      The I2C bus employs two signals—SDA (data) and SCL (clock)—to communicate between integrated circuits in a system. Data is transferred on the bus serially, one bit at a time. The address and data can be transferred in byte (8-bit) format, with the most significant bit (MSB) transferred first. In addition, each byte transferred on the bus is acknowledged by the receiving device with an acknowledge bit. Each transfer operation begins with the master device driving a start condition on the bus and ends with the master device driving a stop condition on the bus. The bus uses transitions on SDA while the clock is high to indicate start and stop conditions. A high-to-low transition on SDA indicates a start and a low-to-high transition indicates a stop. Normal data bit transitions must occur within the low time of the clock period. These conditions are shown in Figure 40. The master generates the 7-bit slave address and the read/write (R/W) bit to open communication with another device and then waits for an acknowledge condition. The TAS5548 holds SDA low during the acknowledge clock period to indicate an acknowledgement. When this occurs, the master transmits the next byte of the sequence. Each device is addressed by a unique 7-bit slave address plus R/W bit (1 byte). All compatible devices share the same signals via a bidirectional bus using a wired-AND connection. An external pullup resistor must be used for the SDA and SCL signals to set the high level for the bus.

      TAS5548 t0035-01.gifFigure 40. Typical I2C Sequence

      The number of bytes that can be transmitted between start and stop conditions is unlimited. When the last word transfers, the master generates a stop condition to release the bus. A generic data transfer sequence is shown in Figure 40.

      The 7-bit address for the TAS5548 is 0011011. When the R/W bit is added as the LSB, the I2C write address is 0x36 and the I2C read address is 0x37.

      7.5.1.2 Single- and Multiple-Byte Transfers

      The serial-control interface supports both single-byte and multiple-byte read/write operations for status registers and the general control registers associated with the PWM. However, for the DAP data processing registers, the serial-control interface supports only multiple-byte (four-byte) read/write operations.

      During multiple-byte read operations, the TAS5548 responds with data, a byte at a time, starting at the subaddress assigned, as long as the master device continues to respond with acknowledges. If a particular subaddress does not contain 32 bits, the unused bits are read as logic 0.

      During multiple-byte write operations, the TAS5548 compares the number of bytes transmitted to the number of bytes that are required for each specific subaddress. If a write command is received for a biquad subaddress, the TAS5548 expects to receive five 32-bit words. If fewer than five 32-bit data words have been received when a stop command (or another start command) is received, the data received is discarded. Similarly, if a write command is received for a mixer coefficient, the TAS5548 expects to receive one 32-bit word.

      Supplying a subaddress for each subaddress transaction is referred to as random I2C addressing. The TAS5548 also supports sequential I2C addressing. For write transactions, if a subaddress is issued followed by data for that subaddress and the 15 subaddresses that follow, a sequential I2C write transaction has taken place, and the data for all 16 subaddresses is successfully received by the TAS5548. For I2C sequential write transactions, the subaddress then serves as the start address and the amount of data subsequently transmitted, before a stop or start is transmitted, determines how many subaddresses are written. As is true for random addressing, sequential addressing requires that a complete set of data be transmitted. If only a partial set of data is written to the last subaddress, the data for the last subaddress is discarded. However, all other data written is accepted; only the incomplete data is discarded.

      7.5.1.3 Single-Byte Write

      As shown in Figure 41, a single-byte, data-write transfer begins with the master device transmitting a start condition followed by the I2C device address and the read/write bit. The read/write bit determines the direction of the data transfer. For a write data transfer, the read/write bit is a 0. After receiving the correct I2C device address and the read/write bit, the TAS5548 device responds with an acknowledge bit. Next, the master transmits the address byte or bytes corresponding to the TAS5548 internal memory address being accessed. After receiving the address byte, the TAS5548 again responds with an acknowledge bit. Next, the master device transmits the data byte to be written to the memory address being accessed. After receiving the data byte, the TAS5548 again responds with an acknowledge bit. Finally, the master device transmits a stop condition to complete the single-byte, data-write transfer.

      TAS5548 t0036-01.gifFigure 41. Single-Byte Write Transfer

      7.5.1.4 Multiple-Byte Write

      A multiple-byte, data-write transfer is identical to a single-byte, data-write transfer except that multiple data bytes are transmitted by the master device to TAS5548, as shown in Figure 42. After receiving each data byte, the TAS5548 responds with an acknowledge bit.

      TAS5548 t0036-02.gifFigure 42. Multiple-Byte Write Transfer

      7.5.1.5 Incremental Multiple-Byte Write

      The I2C supports a special mode which permits I2C write operations to be broken up into multiple data write operations that are multiples of four data bytes. These are 6-byte, 10-byte, 14-byte, 18-byte, etc., write operations that are composed of a device address, read/write bit, subaddress, and any multiple of four bytes of data. This permits the system to write large register values incrementally without blocking other I2C transactions.

      This feature is enabled by the append subaddress function in the TAS5548. This function enables the TAS5548 to append four bytes of data to a register that was opened by a previous I2C register write operation but has not received its complete number of data bytes. Because the length of the long registers is a multiple of four bytes, using four-byte transfers has only an integral number of append operations.

      When the correct number of bytes has been received, the TAS5548 begins processing the data.

      The procedure to perform an incremental multibyte-write operation is as follows:

      1. Start a normal I2C write operation by sending the device address, write bit, register subaddress, and the first four bytes of the data to be written. At the end of that sequence, send a stop condition. At this point, the register has been opened and accepts the remaining data that is sent by writing four-byte blocks of data to the append subaddress (0xFE).
      2. At a later time, one or more append data transfers are performed to incrementally transfer the remaining number of bytes in sequential order to complete the register write operation. Each of these append operations is composed of the device address, write bit, append subaddress (0xFE), and four bytes of data followed by a stop condition.
      3. The operation is terminated due to an error condition, and the data is flushed:
        1. If a new subaddress is written to the TAS5548 before the correct number of bytes are written.
        2. If more or fewer than four bytes are data written at the beginning or during any of the append operations.
        3. If a read bit is sent.

      7.5.1.6 Single-Byte Read

      As shown in Figure 43, a single-byte, data-read transfer begins with the master device transmitting a start condition followed by the I2C device address and the read/write bit. For the data-read transfer, both a write and then a read are actually performed. Initially, a write is performed to transfer the address byte or bytes of the internal memory address to be read. As a result, the read/write bit is a 0. After receiving the TAS5548 address and the read/write bit, the TAS5548 responds with an acknowledge bit. In addition, after sending the internal memory address byte or bytes, the master device transmits another start condition followed by the TAS5548 address and the read/write bit again. This time the read/write bit is a 1, indicating a read transfer. After receiving the TAS5548 address and the read/write bit, the TAS5548 again responds with an acknowledge bit. Next, the TAS5548 transmits the data byte from the memory address being read. After receiving the data byte, the master device transmits a not-acknowledge followed by a stop condition to complete the single-byte, data-read transfer.

      TAS5548 t0036-03.gifFigure 43. Single-Byte Read Transfer

      7.5.1.7 Multiple-Byte Read

      A multiple-byte, data-read transfer is identical to a single-byte, data-read transfer except that multiple data bytes are transmitted by the TAS5548 to the master device, as shown in Figure 44. Except for the last data byte, the master device responds with an acknowledge bit after receiving each data byte.

      TAS5548 t0036-04.gifFigure 44. Multiple-Byte Read Transfer

      7.6 Register Maps

      7.6.1 Serial-Control I2C Register Summary

      The TAS5548 slave write address is 0x36 and the read address is 0x37. See Serial-Control Interface Register Definitions for complete bit definitions.

      Note: Default stat is read immediately after device reset.

      I2C SUBADDRESS TOTAL BYTES REGISTER FIELDS DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE (hex)
      0x01 1 General status register ID code for the TAS5548 04
      0x02 1 Error status register CLIP and frame slip errors 00
      0x03 1 System control register 1 PWM high pass, clock set, unmute select, PSVC select B0
      0x04 1 System control register 2 Automute, Shutdown, Line out, SDOUT 03
      0x05–0x0C 1/reg. Channel configuration control registers Configure channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 E0
      0x0D 1 Headphone configuration control register Configure headphone output 00
      0x0E 1 Serial data interface control register Set serial data interface to right-justified, I2S, or left-justified. 55
      0x0F 1 Soft mute register Soft mute for channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 00
      0x10 1 Energy Managers Register See Table 23 0A
      0x11 1 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x12 1 Oscillator Trim See 82
      0x13 1 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x14 1 Automute control register Set automute delay and threshold 44
      0x15 1 Automute PWM threshold and back-end reset period register Set PWM automute threshold; set back-end reset period 02
      0x16 1 Modulation Limit Reg
      (ch1 and 2)
      Set modulation index ch1 and ch2 77
      0x17 1 Modulation Limit Reg
      (ch3 and 4)
      Set Modulation Index ch3 and ch4 77
      0x18 1 Modulation Limit Reg
      (ch5 and 6)
      Set Modulation Index ch5 and ch6 77
      0x19 1 Modulation Limit Reg
      (ch7 and 8)
      Set Modulation Index ch7 and ch8 77
      0x1A 1 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x1B 1 IC Delay Channel 0 See Table 28 80
      0x1C 1 IC Delay Channel 1 See Table 28 00
      0x1D 1 IC Delay Channel 2 See Table 28 C0
      0x1E 1 IC Delay Channel 3 See Table 28 40
      0x1F 1 IC Delay Channel 4 See Table 28 A0
      0x20 1 IC Delay Channel 5 See Table 28 20
      0x21 1 IC Delay Channel 6 See Table 28 E0
      0x22 1 IC Delay Channel 7 See Table 28 60
      0x23 1 IC Offset Delay Reg See Table 28 00
      0x24 1 PWM sequence timing See 0F
      0x25 1 PWM and Energy Manager Control Register See Table 30 80
      0x26 1 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x27 1 Individual Channel Shutdown See Table 31 00
      0x28–0x2F 1 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x30 1 Input_Mux_ch1 and 2 See Table 32 and Table 33 01
      0x31 1 Input_Mux_ch3 and 4 See Table 32 and Table 33 23
      0x32 1 Input_Mux_ch5 and 6 See Table 32 and Table 33 45
      0x33 1 Input_Mux_ch7 and 8 See Table 32 and Table 33 67
      0x34 1 PWM_mux_ch1 and 2 See Table 34 and Table 35 01
      0x35 1 PWM_mux_ch3 and 4 See Table 34 and Table 35 23
      0x36 1 PWM_mux_ch5 and 6 See Table 34 and Table 35 45
      0x37 1 PWM_mux_ch7 and 8 See Table 34 and Table 35 67
      0x38 1 IC Delay Channel 0(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) 80
      0x39 1 IC Delay Channel 1(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) 00
      0x3A 1 IC Delay Channel 2(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) C0
      0x3B 1 IC Delay Channel 3(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) 40
      0x3C 1 IC Delay Channel 4(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) A0
      0x3D 1 IC Delay Channel 5(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) 20
      0x3E 1 IC Delay Channel 6(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) E0
      0x3F 1 IC Delay Channel 7(BD Mode) See BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F) 60
      0x40 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0x41–0x48 32/reg. Input mixer registers, Ch1–Ch8 8×8 input crossbar mixer setup 41 – 80 2nd Byte – Other 00
      42 – 80 6th Byte – Other 00
      43 – 80 10th Byte – Other 00
      44 – 80 14th Byte – Other 00
      45 – 80 18th Byte – Other 00
      46 – 80 22nd Byte – Other 00
      47 – 80 26th Byte – Other 00
      48 – 80 30th Byte – Other 00
      0x49 4 Bass Mixer Input mixer 1 to Ch8 mixer coefficient 0000 0000
      0x4A 4 Bass Mixer Input mixer 2 to Ch8 mixer coefficient 0000 0000
      0x4B 4 Bass Mixer Input mixer 7 to Ch2 mixer coefficient 0000 0000
      0x4C 4 Bass Mixer Bypass Ch7 biquad 2 coefficient 0000 0000
      0x4D 4 Bass Mixer Ch7 biquad 2 coefficient 0080 0000
      0x4E 4 Bass Mixer Ch8 biquad 2 output to Ch1 mixer and Ch2 mixer coefficient 0000 0000
      0x4F 4 Bass Mixer Bypass Ch8 biquad 2 coefficient 0000 0000
      0x50 4 Bass Mixer Ch8 biquad 2 coefficient 0080 0000
      0x51–0x88 20/reg. Biquad filter register Ch1–Ch8 biquad filter coefficients All biquads = 80 2nd byte – other 00
      0x89–0x90 8 Bass and treble register, Ch1–Ch8 Bass and treble for Ch1–Ch8 Bass and treble = 80 2nd byte – other 00
      0x91 4 Loudness Log2 LG Loudness Log2 gain (LG) 0FC0 0000
      0x92 8 Loudness Log2 LO Loudness Log2 offset (LO) 0000 0000
      0x93 4 Loudness G Loudness Gain 0000 0000
      0x94 4 Loudness O Loudness Offset 0000 0000
      0x95 20 Loudness biquad Loudness biquad coefficient b0 00FE 5045
      Loudness biquad coefficient b1 0F81 AA27
      Loudness biquad coefficient b2 0000 D513
      Loudness biquad coefficient a0 0000 0000
      Loudness biquad coefficient a1 0FFF 2AED
      0x96 4 DRC1 control Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 control Ch1–Ch7 00 00 00 00
      0x97 4 DRC2 control register, Ch8 DRC2 control Ch8 00 00 00 00
      0x98 8 Ch1–Ch7, DRC1 energy DRC1 energy 0000 883F 007F 77C0
      Ch1–Ch7,
      DRC1 (1 – energy)
      DRC1 (1 – energy)
      0x99 8 Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 threshold T1 DRC1 threshold (T1) – 4 bytes 0B20 E2B2 06F9 DE58
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 threshold T2 DRC1 threshold (T2) – 4 bytes
      0x9A 12 Ch1–Ch7 , DRC1 slope k0 DRC1 slope (k0) 0040 0000 0FC0 0000 0F90 0000
      Ch1–Ch7, DRC1 slope k1 DRC1 slope (k1)
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 slope k2 DRC1 slope (k2)
      0x9B 8 Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 offset 1 DRC1 offset 1 (O1) – 4 bytes FF82 3098 0195 B2C0
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 offset 2 DRC1 offset 2 (O2) – 4 bytes
      0x9C 16 Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 attack DRC1 attack 0000 883F 007F 77C0 0000 0056 003F FFA8
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 (1 – attack) DRC1 (1 – attack)
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 decay DRC1 decay
      Ch1–Ch7 DRC1 (1 – decay) DRC1 (1 – decay)
      0x9D 8 Ch8 DRC2 energy DRC2 energy 0000 883F 007F 77C0
      Ch8 DRC2 (1 – energy) DRC2 (1 – energy)
      0x9E 8 Ch8 DRC2 threshold T1 DRC2 threshold (T1) – 4 bytes 0B20 E2B2 06F9 DE58
      Ch8 DRC2 threshold T2 DRC2 threshold (T2) – 4 bytes
      0x9F 12 Ch8 DRC2 slope k0 DRC2 slope (k0) 0040 0000 0FC0 0000 0F90 0000
      Ch8 DRC2 slope k1 DRC2 slope (k1)
      Ch8 DRC2 slope k2 DRC2 slope (k2)
      0xA0 8 Ch8 DRC2 offset 1 DRC2 offset (O1) – lower 4 bytes FF82 3098 0195 B2C0
      Ch8 DRC2 offset 2 DRC2 offset (O2) – lower 4 bytes
      0xA1 16 Ch8 DRC2 attack DRC 2 attack 0000 883F 007F 77C0 0000 0056 003F FFA8
      Ch8 DRC2 (1 – attack) DRC2 (1 – attack)
      Ch8 DRC2 decay DRC2 decay
      Ch8 DRC2 (1 – decay) DRC2 (1 – decay)
      0xA2 8 DRC bypass 1 Ch1 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 1 Ch1 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA3 8 DRC bypass 2 Ch2 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 2 Ch2 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA4 8 DRC bypass 3 Ch3 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 3 Ch3 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA5 8 DRC bypass 4 Ch4 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 4 Ch4 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA6 8 DRC bypass 5 Ch5 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 5 Ch5 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA7 8 DRC bypass 6 Ch6 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 6 Ch6 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA8 8 DRC bypass 7 Ch7 DRC1 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC inline 7 Ch7 DRC1 inline coefficient
      0xA9 8 DRC2 bypass 8 Ch8 DRC2 bypass coefficient 0080 0000 0000 0000
      DRC2 inline 8 Ch8 DRC2 inline coefficient
      0xAA 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM1 See Table 48 80 2nd Byte – Other 00
      0xAB 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM2 See Table 48 10 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xAC 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM3 See Table 48 20 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xAD 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM4 See Table 48 30 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xAE 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM5 See Table 48 40 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xAF 8 Output Select and Mix to (8x2) PWM6 See Table 48 50 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xB0 12 Output Select and Mix to (8x3) PWM7 See 8×3 Output Mixer Registers (0xB0–0xB1) 60 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xB1 12 Output Select and Mix to (8x3) PWM8 See 8×3 Output Mixer Registers (0xB0–0xB1) 70 80 1st Two Bytes – Other 00
      0xB2 16 Energy Manager Averaging coefficients(Two 28 bit coefficients for satellite and sub-woofer) sat_channels_alpha[31:0],
      sat_channels_1-alpha[31:0]
      sub_channel_alpha[31:0],
      sub_channels_1-alpha[31:0]
      0000 0000
      0000 0000
      0000 0000
      0000 0000
      0xB3 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel1) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB4 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel2) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB5 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel3) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB6 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel4) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB7 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel5) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB8 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel6) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xB9 4 Energy Manager Weighting co-efficients(28-bit coefficient for channel7) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBA 4 Energy Manager 2 Weighting co-efficient(28-bit coefficient for channel8 - Sub) 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBB 4 Energy Manager high threshold for satellite 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBC 4 Energy Manager low threshold for satellite 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBD 4 Energy Manager high threshold for sub-woofer 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBE 4 Energy Manager low threshold for sub-woofer 5.23 format 0000 0000
      0xBF–0xC2 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0xC3 4 ASRC Status Read Only Status of both SRC banks (Lock, Mute, Error etc) 1105 0001
      0xC4 4 ASRC Control Mode Control, ASRC Control Link, Mute, Bypass, Dither etc 0001 0055
      0xC5 4 ASRC Mode Control ASRC Pin, Rate 0000 0000
      0xC6 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000
      0xC7 8 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xC8 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000
      0xC9 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000
      0xCA 8 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xCB 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write 0000 0000
      0xCC 4 Auto Mute Behaviour See Auto Mute Behavior (0xCC) TBD
      0xCD 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0xCF 20 PSVC Volume biquad PSVC Volume biquad 80 2nd Byte – Other 00
      0xD0 4 Volume, treble, and bass slew rates register Gain Adjust Rate 0000 013F
      0xD1 4 Ch1 volume Ch1 volume 0000 0048
      0xD2 4 Ch2 volume Ch2 volume 0000 0048
      0xD3 4 Ch3 volume Ch3 volume 0000 0048
      0xD4 4 Ch4 volume Ch4 volume 0000 0048
      0xD5 4 Ch5 volume Ch5 volume 0000 0048
      0xD6 4 Ch6 volume Ch6 volume 0000 0048
      0xD7 4 Ch7 volume Ch7 volume 0000 0048
      0xD8 4 Ch8 volume Ch8 volume 0000 0048
      0xD9 4 Master volume Master volume 0000 0245
      0xDA 4 Bass filter set register Bass filter set (all channels) 0303 0303
      0xDB 4 Bass filter index register Bass filter level (all channels) 1212 1212
      0xDC 4 Treble filter set register Treble filter set (all channels) 0303 0303
      0xDD 4 Treble filter index register Treble filter level (all channels) 1212 1212
      0xDE 4 AM mode register Set up AM mode for AM-interference reduction 0000 0000
      0xDF 4 PSVC range register Set PSVC control range 0000 0002
      0xE0 4 General control register 6- or 8-channel configuration, PSVC enable 0000 0000
      0xE1 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write N/A
      0xE2 12 Reserved Do not Read or Write N/A
      0xE3 4 r_dolby_COEFLR 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 0029 0333
      0xE4 4 r_dolby_COEFC 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 001C FEEF
      0xE5 4 r_dolby_COEFLSP 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 001C FEEF
      0xE6 4 r_dolby_COEFRSP 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 001C FEEF
      0xE7 4 r_dolby_COEFLSM 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 0FE3 0111
      0xE8 4 r_dolby_COEFRSM 96K Dolby Downmix 5.23. See 0FE3 0111
      0xE9 4 THD_Manager_Pre Boost (5.23) 0080 0000
      0xEA 4 THD_Manager_Post Cut (5.23) 0080 0000
      0xEB Reserved N/A
      0xEC 8 SDIN5 input mix L[1] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[1] See 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xED 8 SDIN5 input mix L[2] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[2] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xEE 8 SDIN5 input mix L[3] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[3] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xEF 8 SDIN5 input mix L[4] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[4] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF0 8 SDIN5 input mix L[5] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[5] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF1 8 SDIN5 input mix L[6] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[6] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF2 8 SDIN5 input mix L[7] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[7] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF3 8 SDIN5 input mix L[8] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      SDIN5 input mix R[8] See Table 80 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF4 16 192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P1_to_opmix[1] (5.23). See Table 81 0080 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P2_to_opmix[1] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P3_to_opmix[1] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P4_to_opmix[1] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF5 16 192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P1_to_opmix[2] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P2_to_opmix[2] (5.23). See Table 81 0080 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P3_to_opmix[2] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P4_to_opmix[2] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF6 16 192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P1_to_opmix[3] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P2_to_opmix[3] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P3_to_opmix[3] (5.23). See Table 81 0080 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P4_to_opmix[3] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      0xF7 16 192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P1_to_opmix[4] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P2_to_opmix[4] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P3_to_opmix[4] (5.23). See Table 81 0000 0000 0000 0000
      192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer P4_to_opmix[4] (5.23). See Table 81 0080 0000 0000 0000
      0xF8-0xF9 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0xFA 4 192kHz Image Select IMGSEL 0000 0000
      0xFB 16 192kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients dolby_COEF1L (5.23) See Table 82 0029 0333
      dolby_COEF2L (5.23) See Table 82 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF3L (5.23) See Table 82 FFE3 0111
      dolby_COEF4L (5.23) See Table 82 FFE3 0111
      0xFC 16 dolby_COEF1R (5.23) See Table 82 0029 0333
      dolby_COEF2R (5.23) See Table 82 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF3R (5.23) See Table 82 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF4R (5.23) See 001C FEEF
      0XFD 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED
      0xFE 4 (min) Multiple-byte write-append register Special register
      0xFF 4 Reserved Do not Read or Write RESERVED

      7.6.2 Serial-Control Interface Register Definitions

      Unless otherwise noted, the I2C register default values are in bold font.

      Note that u indicates unused/reserved bits.

      7.6.2.1 General Status Register 0 (0x01)

      Table 15. General Status Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Identification code for TAS5548

      7.6.2.2 Error Status Register (0x02)

      Note that the error bits are sticky bits that are not cleared by the hardware. This means that the software must clear the register (write zeroes) and then read them to determine if there are any persistent errors. Bits D7-D4 are reserved.

      Table 16. Error Status Register (0x02)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      1 Frame Slip
      1 Clip Indicator
      1 Faultz
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No Errors

      7.6.2.3 System Control Register 1 (0x03)

      Bits D1 and D0 are Reserved.

      Table 17. System Control Register-1 Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function
      0 PWM high pass disabled
      1 PWM high pass enabled
      1 PSVC HIZ Enable
      0 PSVC HIZ Disable
      0 Soft Unmute on Recovery from Clock Error
      1 Hard Unmute on Recovery from Clock Error
      0 All Channel enable
      1 All Channel Shutdown
      0 Enable Clock Auto Detect (Always set to 0 for correct operation)
      1 Disable Clock Auto Detect
      0 PWM MidZ Enable (No By-pass)
      1 PWM MidZ Bypass
      0 0 Reserved: Do not change B0 and B1 from 00.
      0 1 Reserved:
      1 0 Reserved:
      1 1 Reserved:

      7.6.2.4 System Control Register 2 (0x04)

      Bit D3 is reserved.

      Table 18. System Control Register-2 Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function
      0 Unmute Threshold 6 dB over Input Threshold
      1 Unmute Threshold equal to Input Threshold
      0 All channel auto-mute timeout disable
      1 All channel auto-mute timeout enable
      0 Disable channel group
      1 Enable channel group
      0 Enable DAP automute
      1 Disable DAP automute
      0 0 Normal Mode
      1 Line out Mode
      1 ASEL_EMO2 pin is input
      0 ASEL_EMO2 pin is out output
      0 No Output Downmix on SDOUT(TX SAP Disable)
      1 Output Downmix on SDOUT. Dolby-out is enabled when this bit is set and system is in normal mode

      7.6.2.5 Channel Configuration Control Registers (0x05–0x0C)

      Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mapped into 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, and 0x0C, respectively.

      Table 19. Channel Configuration Control Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 Disable back-end reset sequence if all channels set to disable.
      1 Enable back-end reset sequence.
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 Normal Back-End Polarity
      1 Switches PWM+ and PWM– and inverts audio signal
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED

      7.6.2.6 Headphone Configuration Control Register (0x0D)

      Bit D0 is don't care.

      Table 20. Headphone Configuration Control Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 Disable back-end reset sequence for Headphone
      1 Enable back-end reset sequence for Headphone
      0 Valid is high when headphone PWM outputs are switching
      1 Valid low in Headphone mode.
      0 Reserved
      1 Reserved
      0 Reserved
      1 Reserved
      0 Reserved
      1 Reserved
      0 Reserved
      1 Reserved
      0 Reserved
      1 Reserved

      7.6.2.7 Serial Data Interface Control Register (0x0E)

      Nine serial modes can be programmed via the I2C interface.

      Table 21. Serial Data Interface Control Register Format for SDOUT and SDIN5

      SERIAL DATA
      INTERFACE FORMAT
      WORD LENGTHS D3 D2 D1 D0
      Right-justified 16 0 0 0 0
      Right-justified 20 0 0 0 1
      Right-justified 24 0 0 1 0
      I2S 16 0 0 1 1
      I2S 20 0 1 0 0
      I2S 24 0 1 0 1
      Left-justified 16 0 1 1 0
      Left-justified 20 0 1 1 1
      Left-justified 24 1 0 0 0
      Illegal 1 0 0 1
      Illegal 1 0 1 0
      Illegal 1 0 1 1
      Illegal 1 1 0 0
      Illegal 1 1 0 1
      Illegal 1 1 1 0
      Illegal 1 1 1 1

      7.6.2.8 Soft Mute Register (0x0F)

      Do not use this register if using the remapped output mixer configuration.

      Table 22. Soft Mute Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      1 Soft mute channel 1
      1 Soft mute channel 2
      1 Soft mute channel 3
      1 Soft mute channel 4
      1 Soft mute channel 5
      1 Soft mute channel 6
      1 Soft mute channel 7
      1 Soft mute channel 8
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unmute all channels

      7.6.2.9 Energy Manager Status Register (0x10)

      These bits are sticky and will be cleared only when a '0' is written into these bits through I2C interface.

      Table 23. Energy Manager Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 Energy above the low threshold for satellite channels
      1 Energy below the low threshold for satellite channels
      0 Energy below the high threshold for satellite channels
      1 Energy above the high threshold for satellite channels
      0 Energy above the low threshold for sub-woofer channels
      1 Energy below the low threshold for sub-woofer channels
      0 Energy below the high threshold for sub-woofer channels
      1 Energy above the high threshold for sub-woofer channels

      7.6.2.10 Automute Control Register (0x14)

      Table 24. Automute Control Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 2.98 ms
      0 0 0 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 4.47 ms
      0 0 1 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 5.96 ms
      0 0 1 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 7.45 ms
      0 1 0 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 14.9 ms
      0 1 0 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 29.8 ms
      0 1 1 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 44.7 ms
      0 1 1 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 59.6 ms
      1 0 0 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 74.5 ms
      1 0 0 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 89.4 ms
      1 0 1 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 104.3 ms
      1 0 1 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 119.2 ms
      1 1 0 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 134.1 ms
      1 1 0 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 149 ms
      1 1 1 0 Set input automute and output automute delay to 163.9 ms
      1 1 1 1 Set input automute and output automute delay to 178.8 ms
      0 0 0 0 Set input automute threshold less than -90dBFS
      0 0 0 1 Set input automute threshold less than -84dBFS
      0 0 1 0 Set input automute threshold less than -78dBFS
      0 0 1 1 Set input automute threshold less than -72dBFS
      0 1 0 0 Set input automute threshold less than -66dBFS
      0 1 0 1 Set input automute threshold less than -60dBFS
      0 1 1 0 Set input automute threshold less than -54dBFS
      1 1 1 1 Set input automute threshold less than -48dBFS
      1 0 0 0 Set input automute threshold less than -42dBFS
      1 0 0 1 RESERVED
      1 0 1 0 RESERVED
      1 0 1 1 RESERVED
      1 1 0 0 RESERVED
      1 1 0 1 RESERVED
      1 1 1 0 RESERVED
      1 1 1 1 RESERVED

      Automute threshold are in dB with respect to a full-scale input signal. The thresholds are approximate.

      7.6.2.11 Output Automute PWM Threshold and Back-End Reset Period Register (0x15)

      For more information on how to use this register, see Automute and Mute Channel Controls,

      Table 25. Automute PWM Threshold and Back-End Reset Period Register Format

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Set PWM automute threshold equal to input automute threshold
      0 0 0 1 Set PWM automute threshold +6dB over input automute threshold
      0 0 1 0 Set PWM automute threshold +12dB over input automute threshold
      0 0 1 1 Set PWM automute threshold +18dB over input automute threshold
      0 1 0 0 Set PWM automute threshold +24dB over input automute threshold
      0 1 0 1 Set PWM automute threshold +30dB over input automute threshold
      0 1 1 0 Set PWM automute threshold +36dB over input automute threshold
      0 1 1 1 Set PWM automute threshold +42dB over input automute threshold
      1 0 0 0 Set PWM automute threshold equal to input automute threshold
      1 0 0 1 Set PWM automute threshold -6dB below input automute threshold
      1 0 1 0 Set PWM automute threshold -12dB below input automute threshold
      1 0 1 1 Set PWM automute threshold -18dB below input automute threshold
      1 1 0 0 Set PWM automute threshold -24dB below input automute threshold
      1 1 0 1 Set PWM automute threshold -30dB below input automute threshold
      1 1 1 0 Set PWM automute threshold -36dB below input automute threshold
      1 1 1 1 Set PWM automute threshold -42dB below input automute threshold
      0 0 0 0 Set back-end reset period < 1 ms
      0 0 0 1 Set back-end reset period 70 ms
      0 0 1 0 Set back-end reset period 80 ms
      0 0 1 1 Set back-end reset period 220 ms
      0 1 0 0 Set back-end reset period 360 ms
      0 1 0 1 Set back-end reset period 500 ms
      0 1 1 0 Set back-end reset period 660 ms
      0 1 1 1 Set back-end reset period 800 ms
      1 0 0 0 Set back-end reset period 940 ms
      1 0 0 1 Set back-end reset period 1080 ms
      1 0 1 0 Set back-end reset period 1220 ms
      1 0 1 1 Set back-end reset period 1220 ms
      1 1 X X Set back-end reset period 1220 ms

      PWM Automute is in dB with respect to Input Automute Threshold. The Thresholds are approximate.

      7.6.2.12 Modulation Index Limit Register (0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19)

      Note that some power stages require a lower modulation limit than the default of 93.7%. Contact Texas Instruments for more details about the requirements for a particular power stage.

      Table 26. Modulation Limit Register Format

      Di+3 Di+2 Di+1 Di
      (i=0 or 4)
      LIMIT
      [DCLKs]
      MIN WIDTH
      [DCLKs]
      MODULATION
      INDEX
      0 0 0 0 1 2 99.21%
      0 0 0 1 2 4 98.43%
      0 0 1 0 3 6 97.64%
      0 0 1 1 4 8 96.85%
      0 1 0 0 5 10 96.06%
      0 1 0 1 6 12 95.28%
      0 1 1 0 7 14 94.49%
      0 1 1 1 8 16 93.70%
      1 0 0 0 9 18 92.91%
      1 0 0 1 10 20 92.13%
      1 0 1 0 11 22 91.34%
      1 0 1 1 12 24 90.55%
      1 1 0 0 13 26 89.76%
      1 1 0 1 14 28 88.98%
      1 1 1 0 15 30 88.19%
      1 1 1 1 16 32 87.40%

      There are 512 DCLK Cycles per PWM frame.

      Table 27. Modulation Index Limit Register

      Register Address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
      x16 Modulation limit for channel 2 Modulation limit for channel 1
      x17 Modulation limit for channel 4 Modulation limit for channel 3
      x18 Modulation limit for channel 6 Modulation limit for channel 5
      x19 Modulation limit for channel 8 Modulation limit for channel 7

      7.6.2.13 AD Mode - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay and Global Offset Registers (0x1B to 0x23)

      Interchannel delay is used to distribute the switching current of each channel, to ease the peak power draw on the PSU. It's also used to control the intermodulation between the channels, therefore improving THD in some cases.

      DCLK is the oversampling clock of the PWM.

      DCLK on the TAS5548 will be constant, unless some AM avoidance modes are used.

      Each channel can have its channel delay set between -128 to +124. (4 DCLK steps value (-32 to +31 over 5 bits))

      Channels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are mapped into (0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22) with bits D[7:2] used to program individual DCLK delay. Bit D[1:0] are reserved in each register.

      A Global offset can be used in register 0x23

      Table 28. Interchannel Delay Register Format (0x1B to 0x22)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 Minimum absolute delay, 0 DCLK cycles
      0 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum positive delay, 31(×4) DCLK cycles
      1 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum Negative delay, –32(×4) DCLK cycles
      1 0 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 0 = -128 DCLK's (–32*4)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 1 = 0
      1 1 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 2 = -64DCLK's (–16*4)
      0 1 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 3 = 64 DCLK's (16*4)
      1 0 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 4 = -96 DCLK's (–24*4)
      0 0 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 5 = 32 DCLK's (8*4)
      1 1 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 6 = -32 DCLK's (–8*4)
      0 1 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 7 = 96 DCLK's (24*4)

      Table 29. Interchannel Delay Global Offset (0x23) (AD PWM Mode Only)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minimum absolute offset, 0 DCLK cycles, Default for channel 0
      1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum absolute delay, 255 DCLK cycles

      7.6.2.14 Special Low Z and Mid Z Ramp/Stop Period (0x24)

      This is also the delay period for delayed start/stop with legacy LowZ sequences. If register 0x25 is programmed for special LowZ sequence, the time above is the PWM ramp up period. If it is programmed for MidZ, the time above is the PWM stop period.

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 No Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 0 0 0 14.9 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 0 0 1 22.35 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 0 1 0 29.80 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 0 1 1 38.74 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 1 0 0 52.15 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 1 0 1 68.54 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 1 1 0 92.38 ms Ramp/Stop period
      0 1 1 1 1 123.67 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 0 0 0 0 149 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 0 0 0 1 223.5 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 0 0 1 0 298 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 0 .. .. ..
      1 0 1 1 1 1236.7 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 1 0 0 0 1490 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 1 0 0 1 2235 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 1 0 1 0 2980 ms Ramp/Stop period
      1 1 .. .. ..
      1 1 1 1 1 12367 ms Ramp/Stop period

      7.6.2.15 PWM and EMO Control Register (0x25)

      Table 30. PWM Config, Energy Manager Reporting Register

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 Use Legacy LowZ sequence for PWM start
      1 0 Use special LowZ sequence for PWM start
      1 1 Use MidZ sequence for external charge
      0 Ternary modulation disable
      1 Ternary modulation enable
      0 Ternary High bias disable
      1 Ternary High bias enable
      0 Energy Manager LO threshold reporting disable ← default
      1 Energy Manager LO threshold reporting enable
      0 0 0 Reserved ← Default

      7.6.2.16 Individual Channel Shutdown (0x27)

      Table 31. Individual Channel Shutdown Register

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      1 Keep channel 8 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 8 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 7 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 7 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 6 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 6 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 5 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 5 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 4 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 4 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 3 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 3 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 2 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 2 out of shutdown
      1 Keep channel 1 in shutdown
      0 Bring Channel 1 out of shutdown

      Individual channel shutdown register should be written prior to bringing system out of shutdown using reg 0x03 (Exit Shutdown).

      7.6.2.17 Input Mux Registers (0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33)

      Table 32. Input Mux Registers Format

      Register Address Default Value D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
      x30 00000001 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 1
      Input Mux select for channel 1 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 2
      Input Mux select for channel 2
      x31 00100011 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 3
      Input Mux select for channel 3 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 4
      Input Mux select for channel 4
      x32 01000101 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 5
      Input Mux select for channel 5 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 6
      Input Mux select for channel 6
      x33 01100111 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 7
      Input Mux select for channel 7 BD (1)/AD (0)
      mode ch 8
      Input Mux select for channel 8

      Table 33. Input Mux Registers Format

      D6/D2 D5/D1 D4/D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 Select channel 1
      0 0 1 Select channel 2
      0 1 0 Select channel 3
      0 1 1 Select channel 4
      1 0 0 Select channel 5
      1 0 1 Select channel 6
      1 1 0 Select channel 7
      1 1 1 Select channel 8

      7.6.2.18 PWM Mux Registers (0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37)

      Table 34. PWM Mux Registers Format

      Register Address Default Value D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
      x34 00000001 unused PWM Mux select for channel 1 unused PWM Mux select for channel 2
      x35 00100011 unused PWM Mux select for channel 3 unused PWM Mux select for channel 4
      x36 01000101 unused PWM Mux select for channel 5 unused PWM Mux select for channel 6
      x37 01100111 unused PWM Mux select for channel 7 unused PWM Mux select for channel 8

      Table 35. PWM Registers Format

      D6/D2 D5/D1 D4/D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 Select channel 1
      0 0 1 Select channel 2
      0 1 0 Select channel 3
      0 1 1 Select channel 4
      1 0 0 Select channel 5
      1 0 1 Select channel 6
      1 1 0 Select channel 7
      1 1 1 Select channel 8

      7.6.2.19 BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F)

      Interchannel delay is used to distribute the switching current of each channel, to ease the peak power draw on the PSU. It's also used to control the intermodulation between the channels, therefore improving THD in some cases.

      DCLK is the oversampling clock of the PWM.

      DCLK on the TAS5548 will be constant, unless some AM avoidance modes are used.

      Each channel can have its channel delay set between -128 to +124. (4 DCLK steps value (-32 to +31 over 5 bits))

      Channels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are mapped into (0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F) with bits D[7:2] used to program individual DCLK delay. Bit D[1:0] are reserved in each register.

      Table 36. Interchannel Delay Register Format (0x38B to 0x3F)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 Minimum absolute delay, 0 DCLK cycles
      0 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum positive delay, 31(×4) DCLK cycles
      1 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum Negative delay, –32(×4) DCLK cycles
      1 0 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 0 = -128 DCLK's (–32*4)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 1 0
      1 1 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 2 = -64DCLK's (–16*4)
      0 1 0 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 3 = 64 DCLK's (16*4)
      1 0 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 4 = -96 DCLK's (–24*4)
      0 0 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 5 = 32 DCLK's (8*4)
      1 1 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 6 = -32 DCLK's (–8*4)
      0 1 1 0 0 0 Default Value for channel 7 = 96 DCLK's (24*4)

      7.6.2.20 Input Mixer Registers, Channels 1–8 (0x41–0x48)

      Input mixers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mapped into registers 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, and 0x48, respectively.

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits reserved. For eight gain coefficients, the total is 32 bytes.

      There is no negative value available. The mixer cannot phase invert.

      Bold indicates the one channel that is passed through the mixer.

      Table 37. Channel 1–8 Input Mixer Register Format

      I2C SUBADDRESS TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      FIELDS
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE
      0x41 32 A_to_ipmix[1] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      B_to_ipmix[1] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[1] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[1] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[1] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[1] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[1] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[1] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x42 32 A_to_ipmix[2] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[2] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      C_to_ipmix[2] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[2] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[2] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[2] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[2] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[2] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x43 32 A_to_ipmix[3] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[3] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[3] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      D_to_ipmix[3] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[3] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[3] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[3] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[3] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x44 32 A_to_ipmix[4] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[4] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[4] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[4] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      E_to_ipmix[4] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[4] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[4] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[4] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x45 32 A_to_ipmix[5] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[5] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[5] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[5] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[5] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      F_to_ipmix[5] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[5] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[5] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x46 32 A_to_ipmix[6] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[6] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[6] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[6] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[6] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[6] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      G_to_ipmix[6] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[6] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x47 32 A_to_ipmix[7] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[7] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[7] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[7] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[7] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[7] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[7] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000
      H_to_ipmix[7] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      0x48 32 A_to_ipmix[8] SDIN1-left (Ch1) A to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      B_to_ipmix[8] SDIN1-right (Ch2) B to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      C_to_ipmix[8] SDIN2-left (Ch3) C to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      D_to_ipmix[8] SDIN2-right (Ch4) D to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      E_to_ipmix[8] SDIN3-left (Ch5) E to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      F_to_ipmix[8] SDIN3-right (Ch6) F to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      G_to_ipmix[8] SDIN4-left (Ch7) G to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) 0000 0000
      H_to_ipmix[8] SDIN4-right (Ch8) H to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 1) 0080 0000

      7.6.2.21 Bass Mixer Registers (0x49–0x50)

      Registers 0x49–0x50 provide configuration control for bass mangement.

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits reserved.

      There is no negative value available. The mixer cannot phase invert.

      Table 38. Bass Mixer Register Format

      SUB-
      ADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      NAME
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE
      0x49 4 ipmix_1_to_ch8 Input mixer 1 to Ch8 mixer coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ipmix18[27:24], ipmix18[23:16], ipmix18[15:8], ipmix18[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x4A 4 ipmix_2_to_ch8 Input mixer 2 to Ch8 mixer coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ipmix28[27:24], ipmix28[23:16], ipmix28[15:8], ipmix28[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x4B 4 ipmix_7_to_ch12 Ch7 biquad-2 output to Ch1 mixer and Ch2 mixer coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ipmix72[27:24], ipmix72[23:16], ipmix72[15:8], ipmix72[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x4C 4 Ch7_bp_bq2 Ch7 biquad-2 bypass coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ch7_bp_bq2[27:24], ch7_bp_bq2[23:16],
      ch7_bp_bq2[15:8], ch7_bp_bq2[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x4D 4 Ch7_bq2 Ch7 biquad-2 inline coefficient (default = 1)
      u[31:28], ch6_bq2[27:24], ch6_bq2[23:16], ch6_bq2[15:8], ch6_bq2[7:0]
      0080 0000
      0x4E 4 ipmix_8_to_ch12 Ch8 biquad-2 output to Ch1 mixer and Ch2 mixer coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ipmix8_12[27:24], ipmix8_12[23:16],
      ipmix8_12[15:8], ipmix8_12[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x4F 4 Ch8_bp_bq2 Ch8 biquad-2 bypass coefficient (default = 0)
      u[31:28], ch8_bp_bq2[27:24], ch8_bp_bq2[23:16],
      ch8_bp_bq2[15:8], ch8_bp_bq2[7:0]
      0000 0000
      0x50 4 Ch8_bq2 Ch8 biquad-2 inline coefficient (default = 1)
      u[31:28], ch7_bq2[27:24], ch7_bq2[23:16], ch7_bq2[15:8], ch7_bq2[7:0]
      0080 0000

      7.6.2.22 Biquad Filter Register (0x51–0x88)

      Table 39. Biquad Filter Register Format

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      NAME
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0x51–0x57 20/reg. Ch1_bq[1:7] Ch1 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x58–0x5E 20/reg. Ch2_bq[1:7] Ch2 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x5F–0x65 20/reg. Ch3_bq[1:7] Ch3 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x66–0x6C 20/reg. Ch4_bq[1:7] Ch4 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x6D–0x73 20/reg. Ch5_bq[1:7] Ch5 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x74–0x7A 20/reg. Ch6_bq[1:7] Ch6 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x7B–0x81 20/reg. Ch7_bq[1:7] Ch7 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40
      0x82–0x88 20/reg. Ch8_bq[1:7] Ch8 biquads 1–7. See Table 40 for bit definition. See Table 40

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used.

      Table 40. Contents of One 20-Byte Biquad Filter Register (Default = All-Pass)

      DESCRIPTION REGISTER FIELD CONTENTS DEFAULT GAIN COEFFICIENT VALUES
      DECIMAL HEX
      b0 coefficient u[31:28], b0[27:24], b0[23:16], b0[15:8], b0[7:0] 1.0 0080 0000
      b1 coefficient u[31:28], b1[27:24], b1[23:16], b1[15:8], b1[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      b2 coefficient u[31:28], b2[27:24], b2[23:16], b2[15:8], b2[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      a1 coefficient u[31:28], a1[27:24], a1[23:16], a1[15:8], a1[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      a2 coefficient u[31:28], a2[27:24], a2[23:16], a2[15:8], a2[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000

      7.6.2.23 Bass and Treble Register, Channels 1–8 (0x89–0x90)

      Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mapped into registers 0x89, 0x8A, 0x8B, 0x8C, 0x8D, 0x8E, 0x8F, and 0x90, respectively. Eight bytes are written for each channel. Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits reserved.

      Table 41. Channel 1–8 Bass and Treble Bypass Register Format

      REGISTER
      NAME
      TOTAL
      BYTES
      CONTENTS DEFAULT VALUE
      Channel bass and treble bypass 8 Bypass 0080 0000
      Channel bass and treble inline Inline 0000 0000

      7.6.2.24 Loudness Registers (0x91–0x95)

      Table 42. Loudness Register Format

      I2C SUB-
      ADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER NAME DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE
      0x91 4 Loudness Log2 gain (LG) u[31:28], LG[27:24], LG[23:16], LG[15:8], LG[7:0] 0FC0 0000
      0x92 4 Loudness Log2 offset (LO) LO[31:24], LO[23:16], LO[15:8], LO[7:0] 0000 0000
      0x93 4 Loudness gain (G) u[31:28], G[27:24], G[23:16], G[15:8], G[7:0] 0000 0000
      0x94 4 Loudness offset lower 32 bits (O) O[31:24], O[23:16], O[15:8], O[7:0] 0000 0000
      0x95 20 Loudness biquad (b0) u[31:28], b0[27:24], b0[23:16], b0[15:8], b0[7:0] 00FE 5045
      Loudness biquad (b1) u[31:28], b1[27:24], b1[23:16], b1[15:8], b1[7:0] 0F81 AA27
      Loudness biquad (b2) u[31:28], b2[27:24], b2[23:16], b2[15:8], b2[7:0] 0000 D513
      Loudness biquad (a1) u[31:28], a1[27:24], a1[23:16], a1[15:8], a1[7:0] 0000 0000
      Loudness biquad (a2) u[31:28], a2[27:24], a2[23:16], a2[15:8], a2[7:0] 0FFF 2AED

      7.6.2.25 DRC1 Control Register CH1-7 (0x96) – Write

      DRC Control selects which channels contribute to the expansion/compression evaluation using DRC1. The evaluation is global such that if one signal forces compression all DRC1 signals will be in compression.

      Table 43. Write Register Format

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x x x
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x x x
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      x x
      0 0 Channel 7: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 7: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 7: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 7: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 0 Channel 6: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 6: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 6: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 6: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 0 Channel 5: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 5: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 5: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 5: Not Included in DRC evaluation
       
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 Channel 4: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 4: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 4: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 4: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 0 Channel 3: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 3: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 3: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 3: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 0 Channel 2 : Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 2: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 2: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 2: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 0 Channel 1: Not Included in DRC evaluation
      0 1 Channel 1: Pre-volume DRC evaluation
      1 0 Channel 1: Post-volume DRC evaluation
      1 1 Channel 1: Not Included in DRC evaluation

      7.6.2.26 DRC2 Control Register CH8 (0x97) – Write Register

      DRC Control selects which channels contribute to the expansion/compression evaluation using DRC2. The evaluation is global such that if one signal forces compression all DRC2 signals will be in compression.

      Table 44. Write Register Format

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x x x
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x x x
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x x x
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      x x x x x x 0 0 Channel 8: Not included in DRC evaluation
      x x x x x x 0 1 Channel 8: Pre-volume DRC
      x x x x x x 1 0 Channel 8: Post-volume DRC
      x x x x x x 1 1 Channel 8: Not included in DRC evaluation

      7.6.2.27 DRC1 Data Registers (0x98–0x9C)

      DRC1 applies to channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

      Table 45. DRC1 Data Register Format

      I2C
      SUB-
      ADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER NAME DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE DATA DECIMAL
      0x98 8 Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 energy u[31:28], E[27:24], E[23:16], E[15:8], E[7:0] 0000 883F mS
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 (1 – energy) u[31:28], 1–E[27:24], 1–E[23:16], 1–E[15:8], 1–E[7:0] 007F 77C0
      0x99 8 Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 threshold lower 32 bits (T1) T1[31:24], T1[23:16], T1[15:8], T1[7:0] 0B20 E2B2 dB
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 threshold lower 32 bits (T2) T2[31:24], T2[23:16], T2[15:8], T2[7:0] 06F9 DE58 dB
      0x9A 12 Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 slope (k0) u[31:28], k0[27:24], k0[23:16], k0[15:8], k0[7:0] 0040 0000 ratio
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 slope (k1) u[31:28], k1[27:24], k1[23:16], k1[15:8], k1[7:0] 0FC0 0000 ratio
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 slope (k2) u[31:28], k2[27:24], k2[23:16], k2[15:8], k2[7:0] 0F90 0000 ratio
      0x9B 8 Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 offset-1 lower 32 bits (O1) O1[31:24], O1[23:16], O1[15:8], O1[7:0] FF82 3098 dB
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 offset-2 lower 32 bits (O2) O2[31:24], O2[23:16], O2[15:8], O2[7:0] 0195 B2C0 dB
      0x9C 16 Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 attack u[31:28], A[27:24], A[23:16], A[15:8], A[7:0] 0000 883F mS
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 (1 – attack) u[31:28], 1–A[27:24], 1–A[23:16], 1–A[15:8], 1–A[7:0] 007F 77C0
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 decay u[31:28], D[27:24], D[23:16], D[15:8], D[7:0] 0000 0056 mS
      Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 DRC1 (1 – decay) u[31:28], 1–D[27:24], 1–D[23:16], 1–D[15:8], 1–D[7:0] 003F FFA8

      7.6.2.28 DRC2 Data Registers (0x9D–0xA1)

      DRC2 applies to channel 8.

      Table 46. DRC2 Data Register Format

      I2C SUBADDRESS TOTAL BYTES REGISTER NAME DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE DATA DECIMAL
      0x9D 8 Channel 8 DRC2 energy u[31:28], E[27:24], E[23:16], E[15:8], E[7:0] 0000 883F mS
      Channel 8 DRC2 (1 – energy) u[31:28], 1–E[27:24], 1–E[23:16], 1–E[15:8], 1–E[7:0] 007F 77C0
      0x9E 8 Channel 8 DRC2 threshold lower 32 bits (T1) T1[31:24], T1[23:16], T1[15:8], T1[7:0] 0B20 E2B2 dB
      Channel 8 DRC2 threshold lower 32 bits (T2) T2[31:24], T2[23:16], T2[15:8], T2[7:0] 06F9 DE58 dB
      0x9F 12 Channel 8 DRC2 slope (k0) u[31:28], k0[27:24], k0[23:16], k0[15:8], k0[7:0] 0040 0000 ratio
      Channel 8 DRC2 slope (k1) u[31:28], k1[27:24], k1[23:16], k1[15:8], k1[7:0] 0FC0 0000 ratio
      Channel 8 DRC2 slope (k2) u[31:28], k2[27:24], k2[23:16], k2[15:8], k2[7:0] 0F90 0000 ratio
      0xA0 8 Channel 8 DRC2 offset 1 lower 32 bits (O1) O1[31:24], O1[23:16], O1[15:8], O1[7:0] FF82 3098 dB
      Channel 8 DRC2 offset 2 lower 32 bits (O2) O2[31:24], O2[23:16], O2[15:8], O2[7:0] 0195 B2C0 dB
      0xA1 16 Channel 8 DRC2 attack u[31:28], A[27:24], A[23:16], A[15:8], A[7:0] 0000 883F mS
      Channel 8 DRC2 (1 – attack) u[31:28], 1–A[27:24], 1–A[23:16], 1–A[15:8], 1–A[7:0] 007F 77C0
      Channel 8 DRC2 decay u[31:28], D[27:24], D[23:16], D[15:8], D[7:0] 0000 0056 mS
      Channel 8 DRC2 (1 – decay) u[31:28], 1–D[27:24], 1–D[23:16], 1–D[15:8], 1–D[7:0] 003F FFA8

      7.6.2.29 DRC Bypass Registers (0xA2–0xA9)

      DRC bypass/inline for channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mapped into registers 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0xA8, and 0xA9, respectively. Eight bytes are written for each channel. Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x0080 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper 4 bits not used.

      To enable DRC for a given channel (with unity gain), bypass = 0x0000 0000 and inline = 0x0080 0000.

      To disable DRC for a given channel, bypass = 0x0080 0000 and inline = 0x0000 0000.

      Table 47. DRC Bypass Register Format

      REGISTER NAME TOTAL BYTES CONTENTS DEFAULT VALUE
      Channel bass DRC bypass 8 u[31:28], bypass[27:24], bypass[23:16], bypass[15:8], bypass[7:0] 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00
      Channel DRC inline u[31:28], inline[27:24], inline[23:16], inline[15:8], inline[7:0] 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

      7.6.2.30 Output Select and Mix Registers 8x2 (0x–0xAF)

      The pass-through output mixer setting is:

      • DAP channel 1 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAA) to PWM channel 1
      • DAP channel 2 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAB) to PWM channel 2
      • DAP channel 3 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAC) to PWM channel 3
      • DAP channel 4 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAD) to PWM channel 4
      • DAP channel 5 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAE) to PWM channel 5
      • DAP channel 6 is mapped though the 8×2 crossbar mixer (0xAF) to PWM channel 6

      Note that the pass-through output mixer configuration (0xD0 bit 30 = 1) is recommended. Using the remapped output mixer configuration (0xD0 bit 30 = 0) increases the complexity of using some features such as volume and mute.

      Total data per register is 8 bytes. The default gain for each selected channel is 1 (00 80 00 00) and 0.5 value is (00 40 00 00) value. The format is 5.23

      Table 48. Output Mixer Register Format (Upper 4 Bytes)

      D63 D62 D61 D60 D59 D58 D57 D56 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Select channel 1 to output mixer
      0 0 0 1 Select channel 2 to output mixer
      0 0 1 0 Select channel 3 to output mixer
      0 0 1 1 Select channel 4 to output mixer
      0 1 0 0 Select channel 5 to output mixer
      0 1 0 1 Select channel 6 to output mixer
      0 1 1 0 Select channel 7 to output mixer
      0 1 1 1 Select channel 8 to output mixer
      G27 G26 G25 G24 Selected channel gain (upper 4 bits)
      D55 D54 D53 D52 D51 D50 D49 D48 FUNCTION
      G23 G22 G21 G20 G19 G18 G17 G16 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D47 D46 D45 D44 D43 D42 D41 D40 FUNCTION
      G15 G14 G13 G12 G11 G10 G9 G8 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 FUNCTION
      G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Selected channel gain (lower 8 bits)

      Table 49. Output Mixer Register Format (Lower 4 Bytes)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Select channel 1 to output mixer
      0 0 0 1 Select channel 2 to output mixer
      0 0 1 0 Select channel 3 to output mixer
      0 0 1 1 Select channel 4 to output mixer
      0 1 0 0 Select channel 5 to output mixer
      0 1 0 1 Select channel 6 to output mixer
      0 1 1 0 Select channel 7 to output mixer
      0 1 1 1 Select channel 8 to output mixer
      G27 G26 G25 G24 Selected channel gain (upper 4 bits)
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      G23 G22 G21 G20 G19 G18 G17 G16 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      G15 G14 G13 G12 G11 G10 G9 G8 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Selected channel gain (lower 8 bits)

      7.6.2.31 8×3 Output Mixer Registers (0xB0–0xB1)

      The pass-through output mixer setting is:

      • DAP channel 7 is mapped though the 8×3 crossbar mixer (0xB0) to PWM channel 7
      • DAP channel 8 is mapped though the 8×3 crossbar mixer (0xB1) to PWM channel 8

      The default gain is 1 (00 80 00 00), 0.5 value is (00 40 00 00). Format is 5.23

      Total data per register is 12 bytes. The default gain for each selected channel is 1 (0x0080 0000).

      Table 50. Output Mixer Register Format (Upper 4 Bytes)

      D95 D94 D93 D92 D91 D90 D89 D88 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Select channel 1 to output mixer
      0 0 0 1 Select channel 2 to output mixer
      0 0 1 0 Select channel 3 to output mixer
      0 0 1 1 Select channel 4 to output mixer
      0 1 0 0 Select channel 5 to output mixer
      0 1 0 1 Select channel 6 to output mixer
      0 1 1 0 Select channel 7 to output mixer
      0 1 1 1 Select channel 8 to output mixer
      G27 G26 G25 G24 Selected channel gain (upper 4 bits)
      D87 D86 D85 D84 D83 D82 D81 D80 FUNCTION
      G23 G22 G21 G20 G19 G18 G17 G16 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D79 D78 D77 D76 D75 D74 D73 D72 FUNCTION
      G15 G14 G13 G12 G11 G10 G9 G8 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D71 D70 D69 D68 D67 D66 D65 D64 FUNCTION
      G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Selected channel gain (lower 8 bits)

      Table 51. Output Mixer Register Format (Middle 4 Bytes)

      D63 D62 D61 D60 D59 D58 D57 D56 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Select channel 1 to output mixer
      0 0 0 1 Select channel 2 to output mixer
      0 0 1 0 Select channel 3 to output mixer
      0 0 1 1 Select channel 4 to output mixer
      0 1 0 0 Select channel 5 to output mixer
      0 1 0 1 Select channel 6 to output mixer
      0 1 1 0 Select channel 7 to output mixer
      0 1 1 1 Select channel 8 to output mixer
      G27 G26 G25 G24 Selected channel gain (upper 4 bits)
      D55 D54 D53 D52 D51 D50 D49 D48 FUNCTION
      G23 G22 G21 G20 G19 G18 G17 G16 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D47 D46 D45 D44 D43 D42 D41 D40 FUNCTION
      G15 G14 G13 G12 G11 G10 G9 G8 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 FUNCTION
      G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Selected channel gain (lower 8 bits)

      Table 52. Output Mixer Register Format (Lower 4 Bytes)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 Select channel 1 to output mixer
      0 0 0 1 Select channel 2 to output mixer
      0 0 1 0 Select channel 3 to output mixer
      0 0 1 1 Select channel 4 to output mixer
      0 1 0 0 Select channel 5 to output mixer
      0 1 0 1 Select channel 6 to output mixer
      0 1 1 0 Select channel 7 to output mixer
      0 1 1 1 Select channel 8 to output mixer
      G27 G26 G25 G24 Selected channel gain (upper 4 bits)
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      G23 G22 G21 G20 G19 G18 G17 G16 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      G15 G14 G13 G12 G11 G10 G9 G8 Selected channel gain (continued)
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Selected channel gain (lower 8 bits)

      7.6.2.32 ASRC Registers (0xC3-C5)

      Table 53. ASRC Status 0xC3 (Read Only)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 ASRC #1 is down sampling
      1 ASRC #1 is up sampling
      0 ASRC #2 is down sampling
      1 ASRC #2 is up sampling
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 ASRC #1 clocks are valid
      1 Error in ASRC #1 clocks
      0 ASRC #2 clocks are valid
      1 Error in ASRC #2 clocks
      0 ASRC #1 is unlocked
      1 ASRC #1 is locked
      0 ASRC #2 is unlocked
      1 ASRC #1 is locked
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 ASRC #1 is unmuted
      1 ASRC #1 is muted
      0 ASRC #2 is unmuted
      1 ASRC #2 is muted
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED

      Table 54. ASRC Control (0xC4)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 ASRCs in independent mode (clock error on one will not affect the other)
      1 ASRCs in coupled mode (clock error on one will trigger muting of both ASRCs)
      0 ASRC2 uses LRCK and SCK
      1 ASRC2 uses LRCK2 and SCK2
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 Normal (32-sample) FIFO latency for ASRC1
      1 Low (16-sample) FIFO latency for ASRC1
      0 Normal (32-sample) FIFO latency for ASRC2
      1 Low (16-sample) FIFO latency for ASRC2
      0 Do not dither ASRC output
      1 Dither ASRC output before truncation back to 24-bit
      0 ASRC unlock will not cause ASRC clock error
      1 ASRC unlock will cause ASRC clock error
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 ASRC1 is enabled
      1 ASRC1 is bypassed
      0 ASRC2 is enabled
      1 ASRC2 is bypassed
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      0 RESERVED
      1 RESERVED
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 ASRC #1 Right Justified 16bit
      0 0 0 1 ASRC #1 Right Justified 20bit
      0 0 1 0 ASRC #1 Right Justified 24bit
      0 0 1 1 ASRC #1 I2S 16bit
      0 1 0 0 ASRC #1 I2S 20bit
      0 1 0 1 ASRC #1 I2S 24bit
      0 1 1 0 ASRC #1 Left Justified 16bit
      0 1 1 1 ASRC #1 Left Justified 20bit
      1 0 0 0 ASRC #1 Left Justified 24bit
      0 0 0 0 ASRC #2 Right Justified 16bit
      0 0 0 1 ASRC #2 Right Justified 20bit
      0 0 1 0 ASRC #2 Right Justified 24bit
      0 0 1 1 ASRC #2 I2S 16bit
      0 1 0 0 ASRC #2 I2S 20bit
      0 1 0 1 ASRC #2 I2S 24bit
      0 1 1 0 ASRC #2 Left Justified 16bit
      0 1 1 1 ASRC #2 Left Justified 20bit
      1 0 0 0 ASRC #2 Left Justified 24bit

      Bit D28: Having ASRC's act independently allows two sources, such as S/PDIF receiver and a bluetooth module to be mixed comfortably, without issue if one of the sources fails/stops. Usage example: mixing audio from games console with bluetooth audio input. If bluetooth connection is dropped, the audio from console will not mute.

      Bit D18: Select truncation of the data on the output of the SRC, with or without applied Dither. This is based on user preference. TI suggests dithering before truncation.

      Table 55. ASRC Mode Control 0xC5

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 Disable MCLKO (PSVC output is available, Default)
      1 Enable MCLKO (PSVC output is not available)
      0 Disable SCLKO (SCLK2 input is available, Default)
      1 Enable SCLKO (SCLK2 input is not available)
      0 Disable LRCLKO (LRCLK2 input is available, Default)
      1 Enable LRCLKO (LRCLK2 input is not available)
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 Serial clock output sampling rate is 44.1/48 kHz
      1 Serial clock output sampling rate is the internal sampling rate
      0 Disable SDIN5 (SDOUT is available)
      1 Enable SDIN5 (SDOUT is not available)
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 0 Serial output muted
      0 1 Select ASRC channel 1+2 (from SDIN1) outputs for serial out
      1 0 Select ASRC channel 3+4 (from SDIN2) outputs for serial out
      1 1 Select DAP output for serial out
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 MDIV0/1 -Division factor for MCLKO
      Division factor for MCLKO
      00 :Divide by 1 (Default)
      01 : Divide by 2
      10 : Divide by 4
      11 : Divide by 8
      0 1
      1 0
      1 1
      0 0 Sampling Rate
      00 : 88.2/96 kHz (Default)
      01 : 176.4/192 kHz
      1x : 44.1/48 kHz
      0 1
      1 0
      1 1

      For 192kHz Native 4ch process flow, ALWAYS set D20 to 1, to ensure correct data output.

      7.6.2.33 Auto Mute Behavior (0xCC)

      Table 56. Auto Mute Behavior

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      Reserved
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      Reserved
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 Disable noise shaper on auto mute
      1 Do not disable noise shaper on auto mute
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 Do not stop PWM on auto mute (Stay at duty 50:50)
      1 Stop PWM on auto mute

      7.6.2.34 PSVC Volume Biquad Register (0xCF)

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used. Note that this register should be used only with the PSVC feature its use is not required. For systems not using this feature, it is recommended that this biquad be set to all-pass (default).

      Table 57. Volume Biquad Register Format (Default = All-Pass)

      DESCRIPTION REGISTER FIELD CONTENTS DEFAULT GAIN COEFFICIENT VALUES
      DECIMAL HEX
      bo coefficient u[31:28], b0[27:24], b0[23:16], b0[15:8], b0[7:0] 1.0 0080 0000
      b1 coefficient u[31:28], b1[27:24], b1[23:16], b1[15:8], b1[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      b2 coefficient u[31:28], b2[27:24], b2[23:16], b2[15:8], b2[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      a1 coefficient u[31:28], a1[27:24], a1[23:16], a1[15:8], a1[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000
      a2 coefficient u[31:28], a2[27:24], a2[23:16], a2[15:8], a2[7:0] 0.0 0000 0000

      7.6.2.35 Volume, Treble, and Bass Slew Rates Register (0xD0)

      Volume Gain Update Rate (Slew Rate)

      D31 D30 D29–D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      - - - 0 0 0 512 step update at 4 Fs, 21.3 ms at 96 kHz
      - - - 0 0 1 1024 step update at 4 Fs, 42.65 ms at 96 kHz
      - - - 0 1 0 2048 step update at 4 Fs, 85 ms at 96 kHz
      - - - 0 1 1 2048 step update at 4 Fs, 85 ms at 96 kHz
      - - - 1 0 0 256 step update at 4 Fs, 10.65 ms at 96kHz
      1 0 0 - - - Abort volume ramp if there is a change in the volume of any channel
      0 1 0 - - - Enable PWM shutdown on headphone change

      Table 58. Treble and Bass Gain Step Size (Slew Rate)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No operation
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Minimum rate – Updates every 0.083 ms (every LRCLK at 48 kHz)
      0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Updates every 0.67 ms (32 LRCLKs at 48 kHz)
      0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Default rate - Updates every 1.31 ms (63 LRCLKs at 48 kHz). This is the maximum constant time that can be set for all sample rates.
      1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum rate – Updates every 5.08 ms (every 255 LRCLKs at 48 kHz)

      Note: Once the volume command is given, no I2C commands should be issued until volume ramp has finished. The lock out time is 1.5 × slew rate or defined in 0xD0

      7.6.2.36 Volume Registers (0xD1–0xD9)

      Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mapped into registers 0xD1, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7, and 0xD8, respectively. The default volume for all channels is 0 dB.

      Master volume is mapped into register 0xD9. The default for the master volume is mute.

      Bits D31–D12 are reserved. D9-D0 are the volume index, their values can be calculated from Table 60.

      Table 59. Volume Register Format

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED
      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED V9 V8 Volume
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      V7 V6 V5 V4 V3 V2 V1 V0 Volume

      Table 60. Master and Individual Volume Controls

      VOLUME INDEX (H) GAIN/INDEX(dB)
      001 17.75
      002 17.5
      003 17.25
      004 17
      005 16.75
      006 16.5
      007 16.25
      008 16
      009 15.75
      00A 15.5
      00B 15.25
      00C 15
      00D 14.75
      00E 14.5
      00F 14.25
      010 14
      . . . . . .
      044 1
      045 0.75
      046 0.5
      047 0.25
      048 0
      049 –0.25
      04A –0.5
      04B –0.75
      04C –1
      . . . . . .
      240 –126
      241 –126.25
      242 –126.5
      243 –126.75
      244 –127
      245 Mute
      TO
      3FF RESERVED

      7.6.2.37 Bass Filter Set Register (0xDA)

      To use the bass and treble function, the bass and treble bypass registers (0x89–0x90) must be configured as inline (default is bypass).

      See Table 41 to configure the Bass Filter mode as inline or bypass.

      Table 61. Channel 8 (Subwoofer)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bass filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bass filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bass filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bass filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bass filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Reserved
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Reserved

      Table 62. Channels 6 and 5 (Right and Left Lineout in 6-Channel Configuration; Right and Left Surround in 8-Channel Configuration)

      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bass filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bass filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bass filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bass filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bass filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Reserved
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Reserved

      Table 63. Channels 4 and 3 (Right and Left Rear)

      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bass filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bass filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bass filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bass filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bass filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      Table 64. Channels 7, 2, and 1 (Center, Right Front, and Left Front)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bass filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bass filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bass filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bass filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bass filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      7.6.2.38 Bass Filter Index Register (0xDB)

      Index values above 0x24 are invalid. To use the bass and treble function, the bass and treble bypass registers (0x89–0x90) must be configured as inline (default is bypass).

      Table 65. Bass Filter Index Register Format

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER NAME DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE
      0xDB 4 Bass filter index (BFI) Ch8_BFI[31:24], Ch65_BFI[23:16], Ch43_BFI[15:8], Ch721_BFI[7:0] 1212 1212

      Table 66. Bass Filter Indexes

      BASS INDEX VALUE ADJUSTMENT (dB) BASS INDEX VALUE ADJUSTMENT (dB)
      0x00 18 0x13 –1
      0x01 17 0x14 –2
      0x02 16 0x15 –3
      0x03 15 0x16 –4
      0x04 14 0x17 –5
      0x05 13 0x18 –6
      0x06 12 0x19 –7
      0x07 11 0x1A –8
      0x08 10 0x1B –9
      0x09 9 0x1C –10
      0x0A 8 0x1D –11
      0x0B 7 0x1E –12
      0x0C 6 0x1F –13
      0x0D 5 0x20 –14
      0x0E 4 0x21 –15
      0x0F 3 0x22 –16
      0x10 2 0x23 –17
      0x11 1 0x24 –18
      0x12 0

      7.6.2.39 Treble Filter Set Register (0xDC)

      Bits D31–D27 are reserved. To use the bass and treble function, the bass and treble bypass registers (0x89 - 0x90) must be configured as inline (enabled).

      See Table 41 to configure the Treble Filter mode as inline or bypass.

      Table 67. Channel 8 (Subwoofer)

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Treble filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Treble filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Treble filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Treble filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Treble filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      Bits D23–D19 are reserved.

      Table 68. Channels 6 and 5 (Right and Left Lineout in 6-Channel Configuration; Right and Left Surround in 8-Channel Configuration)

      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Treble filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Treble filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Treble filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Treble filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Treble filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      Bits D15–D11 are reserved.

      Table 69. Channels 4 and 3 (Right and Left Rear)

      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Treble filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Treble filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Treble filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Treble filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Treble filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      Bits D7–D3 are reserved.

      Table 70. Channels 7, 2, and 1 (Center, Right Front, and Left Front)

      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No change
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Treble filter set 1
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Treble filter set 2
      0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Treble filter set 3
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Treble filter set 4
      0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Treble filter set 5
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Illegal
      0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Illegal

      7.6.2.40 Treble Filter Index (0xDD)

      Index values above 0x24 are invalid. To use the bass and treble function, the bass and treble bypass registers (0x89 - 0x90) must be configured as inline (enabled).

      Table 71. Treble Filter Index Register Format

      I2C SUBADDRESS TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      NAME
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT STATE
      0xDD 4 Treble filter index (TFI) Ch8_TFI[31:24], Ch65_TFI[23:16],
      Ch43_TFI[15:8], Ch721_TFI[7:0]
      1212 1212

      Table 72. Treble Filter Indexes

      TREBLE INDEX VALUE ADJUSTMENT (dB) TREBLE INDEX VALUE ADJUSTMENT (dB)
      0x00 18 0x13 –1
      0x01 17 0x14 –2
      0x02 16 0x15 –3
      0x03 15 0x16 –4
      0x04 14 0x17 –5
      0x05 13 0x18 –6
      0x\06 12 0x19 –7
      0x07 11 0x1A –8
      0x08 10 0x1B –9
      0x09 9 0x1C –10
      0x0A 8 0x1D –11
      0x0B 7 0x1E –12
      0x0C 6 0x1F –13
      0x0D 5 0x20 –14
      0x0E 4 0x21 –15
      0x0F 3 0x22 –16
      0x10 2 0x23 –17
      0x11 1 0x24 –18
      0x12 0

      7.6.2.41 AM Mode Register (0xDE)

      Bits D31–D25 and D23-D21 are reserved.

      BCD = Binary Coded Decimal.

      Table 73. AM Mode Register Format

      D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 FUNCTION
      0 AM Avoidance Mode: Use Frequency Scaling
      1 AM Avoidance Mode: Use Sampling Rate Conversion Mode
      D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 FUNCTION
      0 AM mode disabled
      1 AM mode enabled
      0 0 Select sequence 1
      0 1 Select sequence 2
      1 0 Select sequence 3
      1 1 Select sequence 4
      0 IF frequency = 455 kHz
      1 IF frequency = 262.5 kHz
      0 Use BCD-tuned frequency
      1 Use binary-tuned frequency

      Table 74. AM Tuned Frequency Register in BCD Mode (Lower 2 Bytes of 0xDE)

      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 B0 BCD frequency (1000s kHz)
      B3 B2 B1 B0 BCD frequency (100s kHz)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default value
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      B3 B2 B1 B0 BCD frequency (10s kHz)
      B3 B2 B1 B0 BCD frequency (1s kHz)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default value

      Table 75. AM Tuned Frequency Register in Binary Mode (Lower 2 Bytes of 0xDE)

      D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 0 0 B10 B9 B8 Binary frequency (upper 3 bits)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default value
      D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Binary frequency (lower 8 bits)
      0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default value

      7.6.2.42 PSVC Range Register (0xDF)

      Bits D31–D2 are zero.

      Table 76. PSVC Range Register Format

      D31–D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 0 0 12.04-dB control range for PSVC
      0 0 1 18.06-dB control range for PSVC
      0 1 0 24.08-dB control range for PSVC
      0 1 1 Ignore – retain last value

      7.6.2.43 General Control Register (0xE0)

      Bits D31–D4 are zero. Bit D0 is reserved.

      Table 77. General Control Register Format

      D31–D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION
      0 Normal
      1 - Lineout/6 Channel mode (6Channels will be pwm processed)
      0 0 Power Supply Volume Control Disable
      0 1 Power Supply Volume Control Enable
      0 0 Subwoofer Part of PSVC
      0 1 Subwoofer Separate from PSVC

      7.6.2.44 96kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xE3 to 0xE8)

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used. For eight gain coefficients, the total is 32 bytes.

      Table 78. 96kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      Fields
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0xE3 4 dolby_COEF1L_96k 96kHz SDIN1-left to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient (default = 1/3.121) . This is also the coefficient for SDIN1-right to SDOUT-right. 00 29 03 33
      0xE4 4 dolby_COEF1R_96k 96kHz SDIN4-left to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient. This is also the coefficient for SDIN4-left to SDOUT-right. 00 1C FE EF
      0xE5 4 TBD 96kHz SDIN2-left to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient. FF E3 01 11
      0xE6 4 TBD 96kHz SDIN2-right to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient. FF E3 01 11
      0xE7 4 TBD 96kHz SDIN2-left to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient. FF E3 01 11
      0xE8 4 TBD 96kHz SDIN2-right to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient. FF E3 01 11

      7.6.2.45 THD Manager Configuration (0xE9 and 0xEA)

      0xE9 (4B) THD Manager (pre) - provide boost if desired to clip

      0xEA (4B) THD Manager (post) - cut clipping signal to final level

      Both registers have a 5.23 register format (28bit coefficient)

      Valid register values 0000 0000 to 0FFF FFFF

      Writes to upper byte is ignored

      0dB default value 0080 0000

      max positive value 07 FF FFFF = +24dB

      negative values 08xx xxxx will invert the signal amplitude

      Table 79. THD Manager Configuration

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      Fields
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0xE9 4 prescale THD Manager (pre) - provide boost if desired to clip 0080 0000
      0xEA 4 postscale THD Manager (post) - cut clipping signal to final level 0080 0000

      7.6.2.46 SDIN5 Input Mixer (0xEC–0xF3)

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used. For eight gain coefficients, the total is 32 bytes.

      Table 80. SDIN5 Input Mixers

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      Fields
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0xEC 8 I_to_ipmix[1] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[1] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xED 8 I_to_ipmix[2] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[2] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xEE 8 I_to_ipmix[3] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[3] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xEF 8 I_to_ipmix[4] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[4] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF0 8 I_to_ipmix[5] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[5] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 5 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF1 8 I_to_ipmix[6] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[6] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 6 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF2 8 I_to_ipmix[7] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[7] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 7 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF3 8 I_to_ipmix[8] SDIN5-left (Ch9) I to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],L[27:0] 0000 0000
      J_to_ipmix[8] SDIN5-right (Ch10) J to input mixer 8 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28],R[27:0] 0000 0000

      7.6.2.47 192kHZ Process Flow Output Mixer (0xF4–0xF7)

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used. For eight gain coefficients, the total is 32 bytes.

      Table 81. 192kHz Process Flow Output Mixer

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      Fields
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0xF4 16 P1_to_opmix[1] Path 1 processing to output mixer 1 coefficient (default = 1) u[31:28], P1[27:0] 0080 0000
      P2_to_opmix[1] Path 2 processing to output mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P2[27:0] 0000 0000
      P3_to_opmix[1] Path 3 processing to output mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P3[27:0] 0000 0000
      P4_to_opmix[1] Path 4 processing to output mixer 1 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P4[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF5 16 P1_to_opmix[2] Path 1 processing to output mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P1[27:0] 0000 0000
      P2_to_opmix[2] Path 2 processing to output mixer 2 coefficient (default = 1) u[31:28], P2[27:0] 0080 0000
      P3_to_opmix[2] Path 3 processing to output mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P3[27:0] 0000 0000
      P4_to_opmix[2] Path 4 processing to output mixer 2 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P4[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF6 16 P1_to_opmix[3] Path 1 processing to output mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P1[27:0] 0000 0000
      P2_to_opmix[3] Path 2 processing to output mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P2[27:0] 0000 0000
      P3_to_opmix[3] Path 3 processing to output mixer 3 coefficient (default = 1) u[31:28], P3[27:0] 0080 0000
      P4_to_opmix[3] Path 4 processing to output mixer 3 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P4[27:0] 0000 0000
      0xF7 16 P1_to_opmix[4] Path 1 processing to output mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P1[27:0] 0000 0000
      P2_to_opmix[4] Path 2 processing to output mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P2[27:0] 0000 0000
      P3_to_opmix[4] Path 3 processing to output mixer 4 coefficient (default = 0) u[31:28], P3[27:0] 0000 0000
      P4_to_opmix[4] Path 4 processing to output mixer 4 coefficient (default = 1) u[31:28], P4[27:0] 0080 0000

      7.6.2.48 192kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xFB and 0xFC)

      Each gain coefficient is in 28-bit (5.23) format, so 0x80 0000 is a gain of 1. Each gain coefficient is written as a 32-bit word with the upper four bits not used. For eight gain coefficients, the total is 32 bytes.

      Table 82. 192kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients

      I2C
      SUBADDRESS
      TOTAL BYTES REGISTER
      Fields
      DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS DEFAULT
      STATE
      0xFB 16 dolby_COEF1L (D1_L) 192kHz SDIN1-left to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient (default = 1/3.121) 0029 0333
      dolby_COEF2L (D2_L) 192kHz SDIN1-right to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient (default = 0.707/3.121) 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF3L (D3_L) 192kHz SDIN3-left to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient (default = -0.707/3.121) FFE3 0111
      dolby_COEF4L (D4_L) 192kHz SDIN3-right to SDOUT-left down-mix coefficient (default = -0.707/3.121) FFE3 0111
      0xFC 16 dolby_COEF1R (D1_R) 192kHz SDIN1-left to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient (default = 1/3.121) 0029 0333
      dolby_COEF2R (D2_R) 192kHz SDIN1-right to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient (default = 0.707/3.121) 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF3R (D3_R) 192kHz SDIN3-left to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient (default = 0.707/3.121) 001C FEEF
      dolby_COEF4R (D4_R) 192kHz SDIN3-right to SDOUT-right down-mix coefficient (default = 0.707/3.121) 001C FEEF