SLAS859C May   2012  – May 2015 PCM5100A , PCM5100A-Q1 , PCM5101A , PCM5101A-Q1 , PCM5102A , PCM5102A-Q1

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Simplified System Diagram
  5. Revision History
  6. Device Comparison
  7. Pin Configuration and Functions
  8. Specifications
    1. 8.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 8.2 ESD Ratings Updated ESD Data
    3. 8.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 8.4 Thermal Information
    5. 8.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 8.6 Timing Requirements
    7. 8.7 Timing Requirements, XSMT
    8. 8.8 Typical Characteristics
  9. Detailed Description
    1. 9.1 Overview
    2. 9.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 9.3 Feature Description
      1. 9.3.1 Terminology
      2. 9.3.2 Audio Data Interface
        1. 9.3.2.1 Audio Serial Interface
        2. 9.3.2.2 PCM Audio Data Formats
        3. 9.3.2.3 Zero Data Detect
      3. 9.3.3 XSMT Pin (Soft Mute / Soft Un-Mute)
      4. 9.3.4 Audio Processing
        1. 9.3.4.1 Interpolation Filter
      5. 9.3.5 Reset and System Clock Functions
        1. 9.3.5.1 Clocking Overview
        2. 9.3.5.2 Clock Slave Mode With Master/System Clock (SCK) Input (4 Wire I2S)
        3. 9.3.5.3 Clock Slave Mode with BCK PLL to Generate Internal Clocks (3-Wire PCM)
    4. 9.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 9.4.1 External SCK and PLL Activation
        1. 9.4.1.1 Interpolation Filter Modes
        2. 9.4.1.2 44.1kHz De-emphasis
        3. 9.4.1.3 Audio Format
  10. 10Applications and Implementation
    1. 10.1 Application Information
      1. 10.1.1 Typical Applications
        1. 10.1.1.1 Example Design Requirements
        2. 10.1.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 10.1.1.3 Application Curve
  11. 11Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 11.1 Power Supply Distribution and Requirements
    2. 11.2 Recommended Powerdown Sequence
      1. 11.2.1 Planned Shutdown
      2. 11.2.2 Unplanned Shutdown
    3. 11.3 External Power Sense Undervoltage Protection Mode
    4. 11.4 Power-On Reset Function
    5. 11.5 PCM510xA Power Modes
      1. 11.5.1 Setting Digital Power Supplies and I/O Voltage Rails
      2. 11.5.2 Power Save Modes
  12. 12Layout
    1. 12.1 Layout Guidelines
  13. 13Device and Documentation Support
    1. 13.1 Related Links
    2. 13.2 Community Resources
    3. 13.3 Trademarks
    4. 13.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
  14. 14Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
    1. 14.1 Mechanical Data

パッケージ・オプション

メカニカル・データ(パッケージ|ピン)
サーマルパッド・メカニカル・データ
発注情報

9 Detailed Description

9.1 Overview

The integrated PLL on the device provided adds the flexibility to remove the system clock (commonly known as master clock), allowing a 3-wire I2S connection and reducing system EMI.

Powersense undervoltage protection utilizes a two-level mute system. Upon clock error or system power failure, the device digitally attenuates the data (or last known good data) and then mutes the analog circuit.

Compared with existing DAC technology, the PCM510xA devices offer up to 20 dB lower out-of-band noise, reducing EMI and aliasing in downstream amplifiers/ADCs. (from traditional 100-kHz OBN measurements to 3 MHz).

The PCM510xA devices accept industry-standard audio data formats with 16- to 32-bit data. Sample rates up to 384 kHz are supported.

9.2 Functional Block Diagram

PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 fbd_pcm510xa.gif

9.3 Feature Description

9.3.1 Terminology

Sampling frequency is symbolized by fS. Full scale is symbolized by FS. Sample time as a unit is symbolized by tS.

9.3.2 Audio Data Interface

9.3.2.1 Audio Serial Interface

The audio interface port is a 3-wire serial port with the signals LRCK, BCK, and DIN. BCK is the serial audio bit clock, used to clock the serial data present on DIN into the serial shift register of the audio interface. Serial data is clocked into the PCM510xA on the rising edge of BCK. LRCK is the serial audio left/right word clock. LRCK polarity for left/right is given by the format selected.

Table 2. PCM510xA Audio Data Formats, Bit Depths and Clock Rates

CONTROL MODE FORMAT DATA BITS MAX LRCK FREQUENCY [fS] SCK RATE [x fS] BCK RATE [x fS]
Hardware Control I2S/LJ 32, 24, 20, 16 Up to 192 kHz 128 – 3072 (≤50MHz) 64, 48, 32
384 kHz 64, 128 64, 48, 32

The PCM510xA requires the synchronization of LRCK and system clock, but does not need a specific phase relation between LRCK and system clock.

If the relationship between LRCK and system clock changes more than ±5 SCK, internal operation (using an onchip oscillator) is initialized within one sample period and analog outputs are forced to the bipolar zero level until resynchronization between LRCK and system clock is completed.

If the relationship between LRCK and BCK are invalid more than 4 LRCK periods, internal operation (using an onchip oscillator) is initialized within one sample period and analog outputs are forced to the bipolar zero level until resynchronization between LRCK and BCK is completed.

9.3.2.2 PCM Audio Data Formats

The PCM510xA supports industry-standard audio data formats, including standard I2S and left-justified. Data formats are selected using the FMT (pin 16), Low for I2S, and High for Left-justified. All formats require binary twos-complement, MSB-first audio data; up to 32-bit audio data is accepted.

PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 f_pcm51xx_aud_data_format_lj.gifFigure 13. Left Justified Audio Data Format
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 f_pcm51xx_aud_data_format_i2s.gif
I2S Data Format; L-channel = LOW, R-channel = HIGH
Figure 14. I2S Audio Data Format

9.3.2.3 Zero Data Detect

The PCM510xA has a zero-data detect function. When the device detects continuous zero data, it enters a full analog mute condition. The PCM510xA counts zero data over 1024 LRCKs (21ms @ 48kHz) before setting analog mute.

In Hardware mode, the device uses default values. By default, Both L-ch and R-ch have to be zero data for zero data detection to begin the muting process etc.

9.3.3 XSMT Pin (Soft Mute / Soft Un-Mute)

An external digital host controls the PCM510xA soft mute function by driving the XSMT pin with a specific minimum rise time (tr) and fall time (tf) for soft mute and soft un-mute. The PCM510xA requires tr and tf times of less than 20ns. In the majority of applications, this is no problem, however, traces with high capacitance may have issues.

When the XSMT pin is shifted from high to low (3.3 V to 0 V), a soft digital attenuation ramp begins. –1-dB attenuation is then applied every sample time from 0 dBFS to –∞. The soft attenuation ramp takes 104 samples.

When the XSMT pin is shifted from low to high (0 V to 3.3 V), a soft digital “un-mute” is started. 1-dB gain steps are applied every sample time from –∞ to 0 dBFS. The un-mute takes 104 samples.

In systems where XSMT is not required, it can be directly connected to AVDD.

9.3.4 Audio Processing

9.3.4.1 Interpolation Filter

The PCM510xA provides two types of interpolation filter. Users can select which filter to use by using the FLT pin (pin 11).

Table 3. Digital Interpolation Filter Options

FLT Pin Description
0 FIR normal x8/x4/x2/x1 interpolation filters
1 IIR low-latency x8/x4/x2/x1 interpolation filters

The normal x8 / x4 / x2 / x1(bypass) interpolation filter is programmed for sample rates from 8 kHz to 384 kHz.

Table 4. Normal x8 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Value (Max) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.02 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 7.455fS –60 dB
Filter group delay 22tS s
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G012_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x8_normal.gifFigure 15. Normal x8 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G034_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x8_normal.gifFigure 17. Normal x8 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G023_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x8_normal.gifFigure 16. Normal x8 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

The normal x4 / x2 / x1 (bypass) interpolation filter is programmed for sample rates from 8 kHz to 384 kHz.

Table 5. Normal x4 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Value (Max) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.02 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 7.455fS –60 dB
Filter group delay 22tS s
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G009_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x4_normal.gifFigure 18. Normal x4 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G031_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x4_normal.gifFigure 20. Normal x4 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G020_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x4_normal.gifFigure 19. Normal x4 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

Table 6. Normal x2 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Value (Max) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.02 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 7.455fS –60 dB
Filter group delay 22tS s
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G006_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x2_normal.gifFigure 21. Normal x2 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G028_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x2_normal.gifFigure 23. Normal x2 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G017_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x2_normal.gifFigure 22. Normal x2 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

The low-latency x8 / x4 / x2 / x1 (bypass) interpolation filter is programmed for sample rates from 8 kHz to 384 kHz.

Table 7. Low Latency x8 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.0001 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 7.455fS –52 dB
Filter group delay 3.5tS s
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G011_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x8_lowlt.gifFigure 24. Low Latency x8 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G033_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x8_lowlt.gifFigure 26. Low Latency x8 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G022_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x8_lowlt.gifFigure 25. Low Latency x8 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

Table 8. Low Latency x4 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.0001 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 3.455fS –52 dB
Filter group delay 3.5tS s
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G008_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x4_lowlt.gifFigure 27. Low Latency x4 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G030_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x4_lowlt.gifFigure 29. Low Latency x4 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G019_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x4_lowlt.gifFigure 28. Low Latency x4 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

Table 9. Low Latency x2 Interpolation Filter

Parameter Condition Value (Typ) Units
Filter gain pass band 0 ……. 0.45fS ±0.0001 dB
Filter gain stop band 0.55fS ….. 1.455fS –52 dB
Filter group delay 3.5tS s

space

PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G005_gphpcm51xx_frequency_response_x2_lowlt.gifFigure 30. Low Latency x2 Interpolation Filter Frequency Response
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G030_gphpcm51xx_pass_band_ripple_x4_lowlt.gifFigure 32. Low Latency x2 Interpolation Filter Passband Ripple
PCM5100A PCM5101A PCM5102A PCM5100A-Q1 PCM5101A-Q1 PCM5102A-Q1 G016_gphpcm51xx_impulse_response_x2_lowlt.gifFigure 31. Low Latency x2 Interpolation Filter Impulse Response

9.3.5 Reset and System Clock Functions

9.3.5.1 Clocking Overview

The PCM510xA devices have flexible systems for clocking. Internally, the device requires a number of clocks, mostly at related clock rates to function correctly. All of these clocks can be derived from the serial audio interface in one form or another.

The data flows at the sample rate (fS). Once the data is brought into the serial audio interface, it gets processed, interpolated and modulated all the way to 128 × fS before arriving at the current segments for the final digital to analog conversion.

The serial audio interface typically has 4 connections SCK (system master clock), BCK (bit clock), LRCK (left right word clock) and DIN (data). The device has an internal PLL that is used to take either SCK or BCK and create the higher rate clocks required by the interpolating processor and the DAC clock. This allows the device to operate with or without an external SCK.

9.3.5.2 Clock Slave Mode With Master/System Clock (SCK) Input (4 Wire I2S)

The PCM510xA requires a system clock to operate the digital interpolation filters and advanced segment DAC modulators. The system clock is applied at the SCK input and supports up to 50 MHz. The PCM510xA system-clock detection circuit automatically senses the system-clock frequency. Common audio sampling frequencies in the bands of 8 kHz, 16 kHz, (32 kHz - 44.1 kHz - 48 kHz), (88.2kHz - 96kHz), (176.4 kHz - 192 kHz), and 384 kHz with ±4% tolerance are supported. Values in the parentheses are grouped when detected, e.g. 88.2kHZ and 96kHz are detected as "double rate," 32kHz, 44.1kHz and 48kHz will be detected as "single rate".

The sampling frequency detector sets the clock for the digital filter, Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM) and the Negative Charge Pump (NCP) automatically. Table 10 shows examples of system clock frequencies for common audio sampling rates.

SCK rates that are not common to standard audio clocks, between 1 MHz and 50 MHz, are only supported in software mode, available only in the PCM512x, PCM514x, and PCM5242 devices, by configuring various PLL and clock-divider registers. This programmability allows the device to become a clock master and drive the host serial port with LRCK and BCK, from a non-audio related clock (for example, using 12 MHz to generate 44.1 kHz [LRCK] and 2.8224 MHz [BCK]).

Table 10. System Master Clock Inputs for Audio Related Clocks

Sampling Frequency System Clock Frequency (fSCK) (MHz)
64 fS 128 fS 192 fS 256 fS 384 fS 512 fS 768 fS 1024 fS 1152 fS 1536 fS 2048 fS 3072 fS
8 kHz (1) 1.024(2) 1.536(2) 2.048 3.072 4.096 6.144 8.192 9.216 12.288 16.384 24.576
16 kHz (1) 2.048(2) 3.072(2) 4.096 6.144 8.192 12.288 16.384 18.432 24.576 36.864 49.152
32 kHz (1) 4.096(2) 6.144(2) 8.192 12.288 16.384 24.576 32.768 36.864 49.152 (1) (1)
44.1 kHz (1) 5.6488(2) 8.4672(2) 11.2896 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 45.1584 (1) (1) (1) (1)
48 kHz (1) 6.144(2) 9.216(2) 12.288 18.432 24.576 36.864 49.152 (1) (1) (1) (1)
88.2 kHz (1) 11.2896(2) 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 45.1584 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
96 kHz (1) 12.288(2) 18.432 24.576 36.864 49.152 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
176.4 kHz (1) 22.579 33.8688 45.1584 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
192 kHz (1) 24.576 36.864 49.152 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
384 kHz 24.576 49.152 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
(1) This system clock rate is not supported for the given sampling frequency.
(2) This system clock rate is supported by PLL mode.

9.3.5.3 Clock Slave Mode with BCK PLL to Generate Internal Clocks (3-Wire PCM)

The system clock PLL mode allows designers to use a simple 3-wire I2S audio source. The 3-wire source reduces the need for a high frequency SCK, making PCB layout easier, and reduces high frequency electromagnetic interference.

The internal PLL is disabled as soon as an external SCK is supplied.

The device starts up expecting an external SCK input, but if BCK and LRCK start correctly while SCK remains at ground level for 16 successive LRCK periods, then the internal PLL starts, automatically generating an internal SCK from the BCK reference. Specific BCK rates are required to generate an appropriate master clock.Table 11 describes the minimum and maximum BCK per LRCK for the integrated PLL to automatically generate an internal SCK.

Table 11. BCK Rates (MHz) by LRCK Sample Rate for PCM510xA PLL Operation

  BCK (fS)
Sample f (kHz)  32 64
8
16 1.024
32 1.024 2.048
44.1 1.4112 2.8224
48 1.536 3.072
96 3.072 6.144
192 6.144 12.288
384 12.288 24.576

9.4 Device Functional Modes

9.4.1 External SCK and PLL Activation

As discussed in Clock Slave Mode with BCK PLL to Generate Internal Clocks (3-Wire PCM), the internal PLL of a PCM510xA device supplies a SCK if an external SCK is not present at powerup.

9.4.1.1 Interpolation Filter Modes

Interpolation-filter options are controlled by the FLT pin. See Table 3.

9.4.1.2 44.1kHz De-emphasis

De-emphasis control for 44.1-kHz fS is controlled by the DEMP pin. See Pin Configuration and Functions.

9.4.1.3 Audio Format

Audio format is selected by the FMT pin. See Pin Configuration and Functions.